{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:00:04Z","timestamp":1772787604684,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"International coordination of research on infectious animal diseases","award":["322907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["322907"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024104","name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"EU-CWD","award":["ANR-20-CE35-0015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE35-0015"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-105837RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-105837RB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PCI2020-120680-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCI2020-120680-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-122201OB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-122201OB-C21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004008","name":"Istituto Superiore di Sanita","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ISS20-97e1d82bda5a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISS20-97e1d82bda5a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003339","name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first case of CWD in a Norwegian red deer was detected by a routine ELISA test and confirmed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the brain stem of the animal. Two different western blotting tests were conducted independently in two different laboratories, showing that the red deer glycoprofile was different from the Norwegian CWD reindeer and CWD moose and from North American CWD. The isolate showed nevertheless features similar to the classical BSE (BSE-C) strain. Furthermore, BSE-C could not be excluded based on the PrP<jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup> immunohistochemistry staining in the brainstem and the absence of detectable PrP<jats:sup>Sc<\/jats:sup> in the lymphoid tissues. Because of the known ability of BSE-C to cross species barriers as well as its zoonotic potential, the CWD red deer isolate was submitted to the EURL Strain Typing Expert Group (STEG) as a BSE-C suspect for further investigation. In addition, different strain typing in vivo and in vitro strategies aiming at identifying the BSE-C strain in the red deer isolate were performed independently in three research groups and BSE-C was not found in it. These results suggest that the Norwegian CWD red deer case was infected with a previously unknown CWD type and further investigation is needed to determine the characteristics of this potential new CWD strain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1715792512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Classical BSE dismissed as the cause of CWD in Norwegian red deer despite strain similarities between both prion agents"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Alba","family":"Mar\u00edn-Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie L.","family":"Benestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Barrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pirisinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvina","family":"Huor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele Angelo","family":"Di Bari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasier","family":"Era\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben C.","family":"Maddison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"D\u2019Agostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Canoyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuria","family":"Jerez-Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Spiropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Gough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romolo","family":"Nonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorn","family":"V\u00e5ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Andr\u00e9oletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-9232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Mar\u00eda","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1320_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-16.1.89","volume":"16","author":"ES Williams","year":"1980","unstructured":"Williams ES, Young S (1980) Chronic wasting disease of captive mule deer: a spongiform encephalopathy. J Wildl Dis 16:89\u201398","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.855","volume":"64","author":"HJ Sohn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sohn HJ, Kim JH, Choi KS, Nah JJ, Joo YS, Jean YH, Ahn SW, Kim OK, Kim DY, Balachandran A (2002) A case of chronic wasting disease in an elk imported to Korea from Canada. J Vet Med Sci 64:855\u2013858","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"1320_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0375-4","volume":"47","author":"SL Benestad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benestad SL, Mitchell G, Simmons M, Ytrehus B, Vik\u00f8ren T (2016) First case of chronic wasting disease in Europe in a Norwegian free-ranging reindeer. Vet Res 47:88","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1320_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180702","volume":"24","author":"L Pirisinu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pirisinu L, Tran L, Chiappini B, Vanni I, Di Bari MA, Vaccari G, Vik\u00f8ren T, Madslien KI, V\u00e5ge J, Spraker T, Mitchell G, Balachandran A, Baron T, Casalone C, Rolandsen CM, R\u00f8ed KH, Agrimi U, Nonno R, Benestad SL (2018) Novel type of chronic wasting disease detected in moose (Alces alces), Norway. Emerg Infect Dis 24:2210\u20132218","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31417","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013237117","volume":"117","author":"R Nonno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Pirisinu L, D\u2019Agostino C, Vanni I, Chiappini B, Marcon S, Riccardi G, Tran L, Vik\u00f8ren T, V\u00e5ge J, Madslien K, Mitchell G, Telling GC, Benestad SL, Agrimi U (2020) Studies in bank voles reveal strain differences between chronic wasting disease prions from Norway and North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117:31417\u201331426","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1320_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-20-00141","volume":"57","author":"EO \u00c5gren","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c5gren EO, S\u00f6r\u00e9n K, Gavier-Wid\u00e9n D, Benestad SL, Tran L, Wall K, Averhed G, Doose N, V\u00e5ge J, N\u00f6remark M (2021) First detection of chronic wasting disease in moose (Alces alces) in Sweden. J Wildl Dis 57:461\u2013463","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-021-00606-x","volume":"63","author":"MA Tranulis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tranulis MA, Gavier-Wid\u00e9n D, V\u00e5ge J, N\u00f6remark M, Korpenfelt SL, Hautaniemi M, Pirisinu L, Nonno R, Benestad SL (2021) Chronic wasting disease in Europe: new strains on the horizon. Acta Vet Scand 63:48","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"1320_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-10-262","volume":"55","author":"T Vik\u00f8ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vik\u00f8ren T, V\u00e5ge J, Madslien KI, R\u00f8ed KH, Rolandsen CM, Tran L, Hopp P, Veiberg V, Heum M, Moldal T, Neves CGD, Handeland K, Ytrehus B, Kolbj\u00f8rnsen \u00d8, Wisl\u00f8ff H, Terland R, Saure B, Dessen KM, Svendsen SG, Nordvik BS, Benestad SL (2019) First detection of chronic wasting disease in a wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Europe. J Wildl Dis 55:970\u2013972","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR9","first-page":"169","volume":"51","author":"A Balachandran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balachandran A, Harrington NP, Algire J, Soutyrine A, Spraker TR, Jeffrey M, Gonz\u00e1lez L, O\u2019Rourke KI (2010) Experimental oral transmission of chronic wasting disease to red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus): early detection and late-stage distribution of protease-resistant prion protein. Can Vet J 51:169\u2013178","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"1320_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116094","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116094","volume":"10","author":"MP Dagleish","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dagleish MP, Martin S, Steele P, Finlayson J, Eaton SL, Sis\u00f3 S, Stewart P, Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges N, Hamilton S, Pang Y, Chianini F, Reid HW, Goldmann W, Gonz\u00e1lez L, Castilla J, Jeffrey M (2015) Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS One 10:e0116094","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1320_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-5-26","volume":"5","author":"S Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin S, Jeffrey M, Gonz\u00e1lez L, Sis\u00f3 S, Reid HW, Steele P, Dagleish MP, Stack MJ, Chaplin MJ, Balachandran A (2009) Immunohistochemical and biochemical characteristics of BSE and CWD in experimentally infected European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus). BMC Vet Res 5:26","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"1320_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713499914","volume":"25","author":"MD Schwabenlander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schwabenlander MD, Culhane MR, Hall SM, Goyal SM, Anderson PL, Carstensen M, Wells SJ, Slade WB, Armi\u00e9n AG (2013) A case of chronic wasting disease in a captive red deer (Cervus elaphus). J Vet Diagn Invest 25:573\u2013576","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1320_CR13","unstructured":"Walther I, Staskevicius A, Soutyrine A, Mitchell G (2019) Diagnosis of chronic wasting disease in a herd of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) [abstract] Prion Edmonton"},{"key":"1320_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0077","volume":"75","author":"YH Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee YH, Sohn HJ, Kim MJ, Kim HJ, Lee WY, Yun EI, Tark DS, Cho IS, Balachandran A (2013) Strain characterization of the Korean CWD cases in 2001 and 2004. J Vet Med Sci 75:95\u201398","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"1320_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1412.080941","volume":"14","author":"V B\u00e9ringue","year":"2008","unstructured":"B\u00e9ringue V, Herzog L, Reine F, Le Dur A, Casalone C, Vilotte JL, Laude H (2008) Transmission of atypical bovine prions to mice transgenic for human prion protein. Emerg Infect Dis 14:1898\u201318901","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-73-2-329","volume":"73","author":"RA Bessen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bessen RA, Marsh RF (1992) Identification of two biologically distinct strains of transmissible mink encephalopathy in hamsters. J Gen Virol 73:329\u2013334","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122453","volume":"13","author":"ZJ Lambert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lambert ZJ, Greenlee JJ, Cassmann ED, West Greenlee MH (2021) Differential accumulation of misfolded prion strains in natural hosts of prion diseases. Viruses 13:2453","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"1320_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7859","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.12.7859-7868.1994","volume":"68","author":"RA Bessen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bessen RA, Marsh RF (1994) Distinct PrP properties suggest the molecular basis of strain variation in transmissible mink encephalopathy. J Virol 68:7859\u20137868","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5295.2079","volume":"274","author":"GC Telling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Telling GC, Parchi P, DeArmond SJ, Cortelli P, Motagna P, Gabizon R, Mastrianni J, Lugaresi E, Gambetti P, Prusiner SB (1996) Evidence for the conformation of the pathologic isoform of the prion protein enciphering and propagating prion diversity. Science 274:2079\u20132082","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1320_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26853","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915737116","volume":"116","author":"A Huor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huor A, Espinosa JC, Vidal E, Cassard H, Douet JY, Lugan S, Aron N, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Lorenzo P, Aguilar-Calvo P, Badiola J, Bolea R, Pumarola M, Benestad SL, Orge L, Thackray AM, Bujdoso R, Torres JM, Andr\u00e9oletti O (2019) The emergence of classical BSE from atypical\/Nor98 scrapie. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 116:26853\u201326862","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1320_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96818-2","volume":"11","author":"B Mar\u00edn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn B, Otero A, Lugan S, Espinosa JC, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Vidal E, Hedman C, Romero A, Pumarola M, Badiola JJ, Torres JM, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Bolea R (2021) Classical BSE prions emerge from asymptomatic pigs challenged with atypical\/Nor98 scrapie. Sci Rep 11:17428","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1320_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01225-2","volume":"54","author":"M Betancor","year":"2023","unstructured":"Betancor M, Mar\u00edn B, Otero A, Hedman C, Romero A, Barrio T, Sevilla E, Douet JY, Huor A, Badiola JJ, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Bolea R (2023) Detection of classical BSE prions in asymptomatic cows after inoculation with atypical\/Nor98 scrapie. Vet Res 54:89","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1320_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01224-3","volume":"54","author":"T Konold","year":"2023","unstructured":"Konold T, Spiropoulos J, Hills J, Abdul H, Cawthraw S, Phelan L, McKenna A, Read L, Canoyra S, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Torres JM (2023) Experimental transmission of ovine atypical scrapie to cattle. Vet Res 54:98","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1320_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/38925","volume":"389","author":"AF Hill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hill AF, Desbruslais M, Joiner S, Sidle KC, Gowland I, Collinge J, Doey LJ, Lantos P (1997) The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE. Nature 389:448\u2013450","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1320_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/39057","volume":"389","author":"ME Bruce","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bruce ME, Will RG, Ironside JW, McConnell I, Drummond D, Suttie A, McCardle L, Chree A, Hope J, Birkett C, Cousens S, Fraser H, Bostock CJ (1997) Transmissions to mice indicate that \u201cnew variant\u201d CJD is caused by the BSE agent. Nature 389:498\u2013501","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1320_CR26","unstructured":"The national CJD research & surveillance unit (NCJDRSU). The University of Edinburgh. http:\/\/www.cjd.ed.ac.uk\/surveillance\/data-and-reports. Accessed 17 Jan 2024"},{"key":"1320_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89722","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089722","volume":"9","author":"JM Torres","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torres JM, Espinosa JC, Aguilar-Calvo P, Herva ME, Rela\u00f1o-Gin\u00e9s A, Villa-Diaz A, Morales M, Parra B, Alamillo E, Brun A, Castilla J, Molina S, Hawkins SA, Andr\u00e9oletti O (2014) Elements modulating the prion species barrier and its passage consequences. PLoS One 9:e89722","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1320_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10660","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01592-16","volume":"90","author":"JC Espinosa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Espinosa JC, Nonno R, Di Bari M, Aguilar-Calvo P, Pirisinu L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges N, Vanni I, Vaccari G, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Frassanito P, Lorenzo P, Agrimi U, Torres JM (2016) PrPC governs susceptibility to prion strains in bank vole, while other host factors modulate strain features. J Virol 90:10660\u201310669","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01208-3","volume":"54","author":"D Sola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sola D, Tran L, V\u00e5ge J, Madslien K, Vuong TT, Korpenfelt SL, \u00c5gren EO, Averhed G, N\u00f6remark M, S\u00f6r\u00e9n K, Isaksson M, Ac\u00edn C, Badiola JJ, Gavier-Wid\u00e9n D, Benestad SL (2023) Heterogeneity of pathological prion protein accumulation in the brain of moose (Alces alces) from Norway, Sweden and Finland with chronic wasting disease. Vet Res 54:74","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1320_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050766","volume":"168","author":"HM Yull","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yull HM, Ritchie DL, Langeveld JP, van Zijderveld FG, Bruce ME, Ironside JW, Head MW (2006) Detection of type 1 prion protein in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Am J Pathol 168:151\u2013157","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1320_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-4-937","volume":"79","author":"S Harmeyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harmeyer S, Pfaff E, Groschup MH (1998) Synthetic peptide vaccines yield monoclonal antibodies to cellular and pathological prion proteins of ruminants. J Gen Virol 79:937\u2013945","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870201400102","volume":"14","author":"TR Spraker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spraker TR, O\u2019Rourke KI, Balachandran A, Zink RR, Cummings BA, Miller MW, Powers BE (2002) Validation of monoclonal antibody F99\/97.6.1 for immunohistochemical staining of brain and tonsil in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease. J Vet Diagn Invest 14:3\u20137","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1320_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1177\/002215540205001009","volume":"50","author":"O Andr\u00e9oletti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9oletti O, Berthon P, Levavasseur E, Marc D, Lantier F, Monks E, Elsen JM, Schelcher F (2002) Phenotyping of protein-prion (PrPsc)-accumulating cells in lymphoid and neural tissues of naturally scrapie-affected sheep by double-labeling immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 50:1357\u20131370","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"1320_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(68)90006-6","volume":"78","author":"H Fraser","year":"1968","unstructured":"Fraser H, Dickinson AG (1968) The sequential development of the brain lesion of scrapie in three strains of mice. J Comp Pathol 78:301\u2013311","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"1320_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11247","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M407006200","volume":"280","author":"C F\u00e9raudet","year":"2005","unstructured":"F\u00e9raudet C, Morel N, Simon S, Volland H, Frobert Y, Cr\u00e9minon C, Vilette D, Lehmann S, Grassi J (2005) Screening of 145 anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies for their capacity to inhibit PrPSc replication in infected cells. J Biol Chem 280:11247\u201311258","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1320_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2606.181790","volume":"26","author":"A Mar\u00edn-Moreno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Huor A, Espinosa JC, Douet JY, Aguilar-Calvo P, Aron N, P\u00edquer J, Lugan S, Lorenzo P, Tillier C, Cassard H, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Torres JM (2020) Radical change in zoonotic abilities of atypical BSE prion strains as evidenced by crossing of sheep species barrier in transgenic mice. Emerg Infect Dis 26:1130\u20131139","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2030446","volume":"2","author":"L Pirisinu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pirisinu L, Marcon S, Di Bari MA, D\u2019Agostino C, Agrimi U, Nonno R (2013) Biochemical characterization of prion strains in bank voles. Pathogens 2:446\u2013456","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"1320_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1730","volume":"265","author":"S Demart","year":"1999","unstructured":"Demart S, Fournier JG, Creminon C, Frobert Y, Lamoury F, Marce D, Lasm\u00e9zas C, Dormont D, Grassi J, Deslys JP (1999) New insight into abnormal prion protein using monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 265:652\u2013657","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1320_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16031","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502296102","volume":"102","author":"A Le Dur","year":"2005","unstructured":"Le Dur A, B\u00e9ringue V, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Reine F, La\u00ef TL, Baron T, Bratberg B, Vilotte JL, Sarradin S, Benestad SL, Laude H (2005) A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:16031\u201316036","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1320_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00467.x","volume":"115","author":"M Fischer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fischer M, R\u00fclicke T, Raeber A, Sailer A, Moser M, Oesch B, Brandner S, Aguzzi A, Weissmann C (1996) Prion protein (PrP) with amino-proximal deletions restoring susceptibility of PrP knockout mice to scrapie. EMBO J 115:1255\u20131264","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"1320_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz646","volume":"223","author":"JC Espinosa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Espinosa JC, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Benestad SL, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Torres JM (2021) Porcine prion protein as a paradigm of limited susceptibility to prion strain propagation. J Infect Dis 223:1103\u20131112","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47781-6","volume":"9","author":"A Mar\u00edn-Moreno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Moudjou M, Espinosa JC, B\u00e9ringue V, Torres JM (2019) Thermostability as a highly dependent prion strain feature. Sci Rep 9:11396","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1320_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01693-14","volume":"52","author":"KC Gough","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gough KC, Bishop K, Maddison BC (2014) Highly sensitive detection of small ruminant bovine spongiform encephalopathy within transmissible spongiform encephalopathy mixes by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification. J Clin Microbiol 52:3863\u20133868","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1320_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001319","volume":"7","author":"D Padilla","year":"2011","unstructured":"Padilla D, B\u00e9ringue V, Espinosa JC, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Jaumain E, Reine F, Herzog L, Gutierrez-Adan A, Pintado B, Laude H, Torres JM (2011) Sheep and goat BSE propagate more efficiently than cattle BSE in human PrP transgenic mice. PLoS Pathog 7:e1001319","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1320_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.161948","volume":"23","author":"N Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Borges N, Espinosa JC, Mar\u00edn-Moreno A, Aguilar-Calvo P, Asante EA, Kitamoto T, Mohri S, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Torres JM (2017) Protective effect of Val129-PrP against bovine spongiform encephalopathy but not variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Emerg Infect Dis 23:1522\u20131530","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ecolsys-120213-091851","volume":"45","author":"EB Rosenblum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenblum EB, Parent CE, Brandt EE (2014) The molecular basis of phenotypic convergence. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 45:203\u2013226","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"key":"1320_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1712.110333","volume":"17","author":"J Spiropoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spiropoulos J, Lockey R, Sallis RE, Terry LA, Thorne L, Holder TM, Beck KE, Simmons MM (2011) Isolation of prion with BSE properties from farmed goat. Emerg Infect Dis 17:2253\u20132261","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.16.523-b","volume":"156","author":"M Eloit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eloit M, Adjou K, Coulpier M, Fontaine JJ, Hamel R, Lilin T, Messiaen S, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Baron T, Bencsik A, Biacabe AG, B\u00e9ringue V, Laude H, Le Dur A, Vilotte JL, Comoy E, Deslys JP, Grassi J, Simon S, Lantier F, Sarradin P (2005) BSE agent signatures in a goat. Vet Rec 156:523\u2013524","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"1320_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-3-851","volume":"81","author":"J Hope","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hope J, Wood SC, Birkett CR, Chong A, Bruce ME, Cairns D, Goldmann W, Hunter N, Bostock CJ (2000) Molecular analysis of ovine prion protein identifies similarities between BSE and an experimental isolate of natural scrapie, CH1641. J Gen Virol 81:851","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-002-0556-2","volume":"104","author":"MJ Stack","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stack MJ, Chaplin MJ, Clark J (2002) Differentiation of prion protein glycoforms from naturally occurring sheep scrapie, sheep-passaged scrapie strains (CH1641 and SSBP1), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) cases and Romney and Cheviot breed sheep experimentally inoculated with BSE using two monoclonal antibodies. Acta Neuropathol 104:279\u2013286","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1320_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.101215","volume":"17","author":"L Pirisinu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pirisinu L, Migliore S, Di Bari MA, Esposito E, Baron T, D\u2019Agostino C, De Grossi L, Vaccari G, Agrimi U, Nonno R (2011) Molecular discrimination of sheep bovine spongiform encephalopathy from scrapie. Emerg Infect Dis 17:695\u2013698","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-011-9460-0","volume":"51","author":"MM Taema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taema MM, Maddison BC, Thorne L, Bishop K, Owen J, Hunter N, Baker CA, Terry LA, Gough KC (2012) Differentiating ovine BSE from CH1641 scrapie by serial protein misfolding cyclic amplification. Mol Biotechnol 51:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"1320_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12568","volume":"95","author":"LE Escobar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Escobar LE, Pritzkow S, Winter SN, Grear DA, Kirchgessner MS, Dominguez-Villegas E, Machado G, Townsend Peterson A, Soto C (2020) The ecology of chronic wasting disease in wildlife. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 95:393\u2013408","journal-title":"Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc"},{"key":"1320_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab385","volume":"225","author":"S Pritzkow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pritzkow S, Gorski D, Ramirez F, Telling GC, Benestad SL, Soto C (2022) North American and Norwegian chronic wasting disease prions exhibit different potential for interspecies transmission and zoonotic risk. J Infect Dis 225:542\u2013551","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab033","volume":"226","author":"JDF Wadsworth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wadsworth JDF, Joiner S, Linehan JM, Jack K, Al-Doujaily H, Costa H, Ingold T, Taema M, Zhang F, Sandberg MK, Brandner S, Tran L, Vik\u00f8ren T, V\u00e5ge J, Madslien K, Ytrehus B, Benestad SL, Asante EA, Collinge J (2021) Humanised transgenic mice are resistant to chronic wasting disease prions from Norwegian reindeer and moose. J Infect Dis 226:933\u2013937","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1320_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.04.035","volume":"1081","author":"C Cartoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cartoni C, Schinin\u00e0 ME, Maras B, Nonno R, Vaccari G, Di Baria MA, Conte M, Liu QG, Lu M, Cardone F, Windl O, Pocchiari M, Agrimi U (2005) Identification of the pathological prion protein allotypes in scrapie-infected heterozygous bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1081:122\u2013126","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"1320_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02074-13","volume":"88","author":"P Aguilar-Calvo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aguilar-Calvo P, Espinosa JC, Pintado B, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ad\u00e1n A, Alamillo E, Miranda A, Prieto I, Bossers A, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Torres JM (2014) Role of the goat K222-PrPC polymorphic variant in prion infection resistance. J Virol 88:2670\u20132676","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-002-0958-4","volume":"148","author":"J Castilla","year":"2003","unstructured":"Castilla J, Guti\u00e9rrez Ad\u00e1n A, Brun A, Pintado B, Ram\u00edrez MA, Parra B, Doyle D, Rogers M, Salguero FJ, S\u00e1nchez C, S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno JM, Torres JM (2003) Early detection of PrPres in BSE-infected bovine PrP transgenic mice. Arch Virol 148:677\u2013691","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"1320_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5400-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"J Castilla","year":"2004","unstructured":"Castilla J, Guti\u00e9rrez-Ad\u00e1n A, Brun A, Doyle D, Pintado B, Ram\u00edrez MA, Salguero FJ, Parra B, Segundo FD, S\u00e1nchez-Vizca\u00edno JM, Rogers M, Torres JM (2004) Subclinical bovine spongiform encephalopathy infection in transgenic mice expressing porcine prion protein. J Neurosci 24:5063\u20135069","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1320_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6821","volume":"5","author":"H Cassard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cassard H, Torres JM, Lacroux C, Douet JY, Benestad SL, Lantier F, Lugan S, Lantier I, Costes P, Aron N, Reine F, Herzog L, Espinosa JC, B\u00e9ringue V, Andr\u00e9oletti O (2014) Evidence for zoonotic potential of ovine scrapie prions. Nat Commun 5:5821","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1320_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010900","volume":"18","author":"A Otero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otero A, Barrio T, Era\u00f1a H, Charco JM, Betancor M, D\u00edaz-Dom\u00ednguez CM, Mar\u00edn B, Andr\u00e9oletti O, Torres JM, Kong Q, Badiola JJ, Bolea R, Castilla J (2022) Glycans are not necessary to maintain the pathobiological features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS Pathog 18:e1010900","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T18:02:41Z","timestamp":1715796161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01320-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-9716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-9716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the European Directives 86\/609\/EEC and 2010\/63\/EU. Experiments developed in CISA-INIA-CSIC (Madrid, Spain) were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria and the General Directorate of the Madrid Community Government (permit numbers: PROEX 291-19, PROEX 047.1-21). In France, the animal experiments that are part of this study were approved by the local ENVT ethics committee (permit number: APAFIS #32336-2021070714414470 v3). In Italy, the experimental protocol was approved and supervised by the Service for Biotechnology and Animal Welfare of the Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 (ISS) and authorized by the Italian Ministry of Health (decree number 1119\/2015-PR).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}