{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:41:17Z","timestamp":1787020877871,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a challenging respiratory disease for the global swine industry. Variations in the serotypes associated with clinical disease have been observed in different regions worldwide. This study aimed to provide an updated epidemiological assessment of\n                    <jats:italic>A. pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    serotypes in Spain, incorporating bacterial characterization through serotyping and toxinotyping. Serotypes 9\/11, 2, 4, 5, 17, and 13 were frequently identified in diseased animals. Furthermore, qPCR of lung samples from an outbreak, even when samples were pooled, emerged as a robust diagnostic tool, enabling the rapid detection of\n                    <jats:italic>A. pleuropneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and their serotypes without the need for microbiological isolation. This technology also facilitates serotype monitoring of apparently healthy herds through the testing of oral fluids. The study revealed the frequent simultaneous presence of diverse serotypes within a farm. Serotypes 1, 7, 10, 12, 18, and 19 were frequently found in subclinically infected animals but were rarely detected in acute pleuropneumonia outbreaks in the current study. These results provide valuable information for interpreting the potential virulence of the different serotypes in Spain. However, other predisposing factors and the immune status of the herds such as type of vaccines used when appropriate, should be carefully considered before drawing definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, the study offers valuable insights that underscore the necessity for detailed regional data to contribute toward a comprehensive understanding of the disease dynamics and toward formulating effective control measures for porcine pleuropneumonia.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T06:05:37Z","timestamp":1734501937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Serotype diversity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae detected by real-time PCR in clinical and subclinical samples from Spanish pig farms during 2017\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Arnal Bernal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Gottschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Lacotoure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1496-2481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Sanz Tejero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema","family":"Chac\u00f3n P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0617-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree","family":"Mart\u00edn-Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6918-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119350927.ch48","volume-title":"Diseases of swine","author":"M Gottschalk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gottschalk M, Broes A (2019) Actinobacillosis. Diseases of swine. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 749\u2013766"},{"key":"1419_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.02.005","volume":"144","author":"AH Stygar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stygar AH, Niemi JK, Oliviero C, Laurila T, Heinonen M (2016) Economic value of mitigating Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections in pig fattening herds. Agric Syst 144:113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2016.02.005","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"key":"1419_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1999.tb01246.x","volume":"46","author":"N Holmgren","year":"1999","unstructured":"Holmgren N, Lundeheim N, Wallgren P (1999) Infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in fattening pigs. influence of piglet production systems and influence on production parameters. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 46:535\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0450.1999.tb01246.x","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"1419_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1439-0450.2001.00492.X","volume":"48","author":"G Hoflack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoflack G, Maes D, Mateusen B, Verdonck M, De Kruif A (2001) Efficacy of tilmicosin phosphate (Pulmotil premix) in feed for the treatment of a clinical outbreak of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in growing-finishing pigs. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 48:655\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1439-0450.2001.00492.X","journal-title":"J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health"},{"key":"1419_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-33-3-510","volume":"33","author":"S Pohl","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pohl S, Bertschinger HU, Frederiksen W, Mannheim W (1983) Transfer of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and the Pasteurella haemolytica-like organism causing porcine necrotic pleuropneumonia to the genus Actinobacillus (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae comb. nov.) on the basis of phenotypic and deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33:510\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-33-3-510","journal-title":"Int J Syst Bacteriol"},{"key":"1419_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.019","volume":"217","author":"JT Boss\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boss\u00e9 JT, Li Y, S\u00e1rk\u00f6zi R, Fodor L, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen \u00d8, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR (2018) Proposal of serovars 17 and 18 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on serological and genotypic analysis. Vet Microbiol 217:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.02.019","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109021","volume":"255","author":"O Stringer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stringer O, Boss\u00e9 JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen \u00d8, Velazque E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y (2021) Proposal of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 19, and reformulation of previous multiplex PCRs for capsule-specific typing of all known serovars. Vet Microbiol 255:109021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2021.109021","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.05.011","volume":"220","author":"JT Boss\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boss\u00e9 JT, Li Y, Fernandez Crespo R, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, S\u00e1rk\u00f6zi R, Fodor L, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen \u00d8, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR (2018) Comparative sequence analysis of the capsular polysaccharide loci of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1\u201318, and development of two multiplex PCRs for comprehensive capsule typing. Vet Microbiol 220:83\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.05.011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638713519090","volume":"26","author":"C Marois-Cr\u00e9han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marois-Cr\u00e9han C, Lacouture S, Jacques M, Fittipaldi N, Kobisch M, Gottschalk M (2014) Development of two real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to detect Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1-9-11 and serovar 2. J Vet Diagn Invest 26:146\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638713519090","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1419_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/s0966-842x(00)88939-8","volume":"3","author":"J Frey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frey J (1995) Virulence in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and RTX toxins. Trends Microbiol 3:257\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0966-842x(00)88939-8","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.11.2749-2754.1994","volume":"32","author":"M Beck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beck M, Van den Bosch JF, Jongenelen IMCA, Loeffen PLW, Nielsen R, Nicolet J, Frey J (1994) RTX toxin genotypes and phenotypes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains. J Clin Microbiol 32:2749\u20132754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.32.11.2749-2754.1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)90158-9","volume":"39","author":"P Dom","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dom P, Haesebrouck F, Kamp EM, Smits MA (1994) NAD-independent Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains: production of RTX toxins and interactions with porcine phagocytes. Vet Microbiol 39:205\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0378-1135(94)90158-9","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0245","volume":"76","author":"H Ito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ito H, Katsuragi K, Akama S, Yuzawa H (2014) Isolation of atypical genotype Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 6 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 76:601\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.13-0245","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"1419_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.11.024","volume":"156","author":"MB Perry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perry MB, Angen \u00d8, MacLean LL, Lacouture S, Kokotovic B, Gottschalk M (2012) An atypical biotype I Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 13 is present in North America. Vet Microbiol 156:403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.11.024","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/MBO3.1272","volume":"11","author":"S Scherrer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scherrer S, Peterhans S, Neupert C, Rademacher F, Bartolomei G, Sidler X, Stephan R (2022) Development of a novel high resolution melting assay for identification and differentiation of all known 19 serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microbiologyopen 11:e1272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/MBO3.1272","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"1419_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.805382","volume":"9","author":"OW Stringer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stringer OW, Li Y, Boss\u00e9 JT, Forrest MS, Hernandez-Garcia J, Tucker AW, Nunes T, Costa F, Mortensen P, Velazquez E, Penny P, Rodriguez-Manzano J, Georgiou P, Langford PR (2022) Rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from clinical samples using recombinase polymerase amplification. Front Vet Sci 9:805382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2022.805382","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"1419_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c5106","volume":"167","author":"C O\u2019Neill","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill C, Jones SCP, Boss\u00e9 JT, Watson CM, Williamson SM, Rycroft AN, Kroll JS, Hartley HM, Langford PR (2010) Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars in England and Wales. Vet Rec 167:661\u2013662","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"1419_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-020-00890-x","volume":"52","author":"L Schuwerk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schuwerk L, Hoeltig D, Waldmann KH, Valentin-Weigand P, Rohde J (2021) Sero- and apx-typing of German Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates from 2010 to 2019 reveals a predominance of serovar 2 with regular apx-profile. Vet Res 52:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-020-00890-x","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1419_CR19","first-page":"68","volume":"12","author":"AA Velasquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Velasquez AA, Collantes TMA, Lumbera WML, Salamat SEA, Encabo JR, Mendoza BC, Villegas LC (2019) Serology and DNA-based detection and serotyping of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Pohl from backyard pigs in selected provinces of Luzon, Philippines. Philipine Sci Lett 12:68\u201379","journal-title":"Philipine Sci Lett"},{"key":"1419_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.802570","volume":"8","author":"I Hennig-Pauka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hennig-Pauka I, Hartmann M, Merkel J, Kreienbrock L (2022) Coinfections and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from diseased swine in North Western Germany-temporal patterns in samples from routine laboratory practice from 2006 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 8:802570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2021.802570","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"1419_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12660","volume":"96","author":"S Yee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yee S, Blackall PJ, Turni C (2018) Genetic diversity and toxin gene distribution among serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from Australian pigs. Aust Vet J 96:17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/avj.12660","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"1419_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/TBED.12739","volume":"65","author":"EL Sassu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sassu EL, Boss\u00e9 JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I (2018) Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 65:72\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/TBED.12739","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"1419_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/LAM.12287","volume":"59","author":"C Turni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turni C, Singh R, Schembri MA, Blackall PJ (2014) Evaluation of a multiplex PCR to identify and serotype Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, 7, 12 and 15. Lett Appl Microbiol 59:362\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/LAM.12287","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TRJL.2015.06.016","volume":"56","author":"M Gottschalk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gottschalk M, Lacouture S (2015) Canada: distribution of Streptococcus suis (from 2012 to 2014) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (from 2011 to 2014) serotypes isolated from diseased pigs. Can Vet J 56:1093\u20131094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TRJL.2015.06.016","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"1419_CR25","unstructured":"Lisboa N, Pereira A, Antonio Mu\u00f1oz GR (2020) Serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropenumoniae identified in 20 Brazilians farms during 2016\u20132019. In: Interational Pig Veterinary Society Congress. p 265"},{"key":"1419_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1017\/s1466252300000074","volume":"1","author":"JD Dubreuil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubreuil JD, Jacques M, Mittal KR, Gottschalk M (2000) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae surface polysaccharides: their role in diagnosis and immunogenicity. Anim Health Res Rev 1:73\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1466252300000074","journal-title":"Anim Health Res Rev"},{"key":"1419_CR27","unstructured":"El sector de la carne de cerdo en cifras, 2023. https:\/\/www.mapa.gob.es\/en\/agricultura\/estadisticas\/indicadoressectorporcino2023_tcm38-564427.pdf (in Spanish)"},{"key":"1419_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870902100615","volume":"21","author":"J Maldonado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maldonado J, Valls L, Mart\u00ednez E, Riera P (2009) Isolation rates, serovars, and toxin genotypes of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-independent Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae among pigs suffering from pleuropneumonia in Spain. J Vet Diagn Invest 21:854\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/104063870902100615","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1419_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.VETMIC.2024.110157","volume":"295","author":"A Vilar\u00f3","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vilar\u00f3 A, Karstensen KT, Cavaco LM, Angen \u00d8, Sol\u00e9 E, Ser\u00f3 I, Novell E, Enrique-Taranc\u00f3n V, Guitart-Matas J, Migura-Garcia L, Fraile L (2024) An investigation of the transmission of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae within vertically integrated systems using whole genome sequencing. Vet Microbiol 295:110157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.VETMIC.2024.110157","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/524","volume":"15","author":"A Broes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Broes A, Martineau G-P, Gottschalk M (2007) Dealing with unexpected Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serological results. J Swine Health Prod 15:264\u2013269","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod"},{"key":"1419_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.061","volume":"135","author":"C Marois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marois C, Gottschalk M, Morvan H, Fablet C, Madec F, Kobisch M (2009) Experimental infection of SPF pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 alone or in association with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 135:283\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.09.061","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.011","volume":"201","author":"M Pomorska-M\u00f3l","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pomorska-M\u00f3l M, Dors A, Kwit K, Kowalczyk A, Stasiak E, Pejsak Z (2017) Kinetics of single and dual infection of pigs with swine influenza virus and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 201:113\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.01.011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.028","volume":"233","author":"W Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi W, Zhu R, Bao C, Xiao J, Liu B, Sun M, Feng X, Gu J, Li Y, Lei L (2019) Porcine circovirus type 2 promotes Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae survival during coinfection of porcine alveolar macrophages by inhibiting ROS production. Vet Microbiol 233:93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.04.028","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01323-5","volume":"55","author":"JMA Pol","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pol JMA, Van Leengoed LAMG, Stockhofe N, Kok G, Wensvoort G (1997) Dual infections of PRRSV\/influenza or PRRSV\/Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract. Vet Microbiol 55:259\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0378-1135(96)01323-5","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110268","volume":"298","author":"JL Arnal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arnal JL, Fern\u00e1ndez AB, Lacotoure S, Benito A, Lazaro-Gaspar S, Gottschalk M (2024) Assessment of real-time PCR test in oral fluid samples for screening the serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae circulating in swine herds. Vet Microbiol 298:110268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110268","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2003.08.001","volume":"17","author":"N Sthitmatee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sthitmatee N, Sirinarumitr T, Makonkewkeyoon L, Sakpuaram T, Tesaprateep T (2003) Identification of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype using PCR based-apx genes. Mol Cell Probes 17:301\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcp.2003.08.001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"key":"1419_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103820","volume":"179","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Boss\u00e9 JT, Williamson SM, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR (2016) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 predominates in England and Wales. Vet Rec 179:276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.103820","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"1419_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2018.031","volume":"66","author":"R S\u00e1rk\u00f6zi","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e1rk\u00f6zi R, Makrai L, Fodor L (2018) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes in Hungary. Acta Vet Hung 66:343\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/004.2018.031","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"1419_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-1135(96)01267-9","volume":"54","author":"R Nielsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nielsen R, Andresen LO, Plambeck T, Nielsen JP, Krarup LT, Jorsal SE (1997) Serological characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biotype 2 strains isolated from pigs in two Danish herds. Vet Microbiol 54:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0378-1135(96)01267-9","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1419_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711404148","volume":"23","author":"P Kuhnert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhnert P, Rohde J, Korczak BM (2011) A new variant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 3 lacking the entire apxII operon. J Vet Diagn Invest 23:556\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1040638711404148","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"1419_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0174","volume":"77","author":"H Ito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ito H (2015) The genetic organization of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis region of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 14. J Vet Med Sci 77:583\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1292\/jvms.14-0174","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"1419_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.9.251","volume":"145","author":"K Min","year":"1999","unstructured":"Min K, Chae C (1999) Serotype and apx genotype profiles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates in Korea. Vet Rec 145:251\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/vr.145.9.251","journal-title":"Vet Rec"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01564-2","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000}}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T08:46:14Z","timestamp":1750409174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01419-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-9716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-9716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-025-01564-2","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-025-01564-2","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Animal Care and Use Committee approval was not necessary for this study, as it falls under the category of non-experimental clinical veterinary practices conducted with the informed retrieval of data from diagnostic reports.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"165"}}