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In this study, bacteriophages that specifically bind to the calcium-binding protein (<jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab) of <jats:italic>Eimeria tenella<\/jats:italic> were selected using a biopanning process with a pIII phage display library. The recombinant <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab protein served as the ligand in this selection process. The binding ability of target phages to the <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab protein or <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> sporozoites was evaluated. The role of peptides corresponding to target phages in inhibiting the invasion of <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> sporozoites into cells was analysed using flow cytometry. Subsequently, the phages were encapsulated in sodium alginate to protect them from degradation in gastric fluid, which has a low pH value. Chickens were orally administered both microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated phages, and the protective effects against <jats:italic>E. tenella<\/jats:italic> infection were assessed. The binding mechanism of these peptides to the <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab protein was investigated through in silico analysis. The results indicated that three specific phages (Y, G, and V) could bind effectively to recombinant <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab protein as well as to sporozoite proteins. All three peptides, particularly Y and G, demonstrated significant inhibition of sporozoite invasion into cells in vitro. Additionally, oral administration of the encapsulated phages Y and G provided a higher level of protection against <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic> infection compared to encapsulated phage V and the unencapsulated phages. Molecular docking studies revealed that three peptides, particularly Y and G, efficiently bind to the <jats:italic>Et<\/jats:italic>Cab protein through hydrogen bonds. This study provides a reference for developing small molecular drugs targeting coccidiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01425-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T12:43:45Z","timestamp":1737463425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Impact of sodium alginate hydrogel containing bacteriophage peptides that specifically bind to the EtCab protein on the inhibition of Eimeria tenella infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Hang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingrong","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal R.","family":"Anjum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dexing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03634","volume":"93","author":"HD Chapman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chapman HD (2014) Milestones in avian coccidiosis research: a review. 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