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Therefore, identifying key regulatory elements is crucial for preventing and controlling\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium. We performed transcriptomic analysis and screened for a c-di-GMP pathway key gene\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a putative EAL domain protein with an unknown function. Our findings revealed that the deletion of this gene (269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) led to a 29.85% increase in c-di-GMP. In terms of stress resistance, the strain 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed significant improvements compared to the wild strain WT269. Specifically, it exhibited increases of 95.74% in extracellular protein and 35.96% in exopolysaccharide production by upregulating the expression of relevant genes. As a result, the biofilm formation ability of 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    was enhanced by 21.54%, accompanied by a more pronounced red, dry, and rough colony morphology. 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    also showed a 19.03% decrease in motility due to the downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>flhD<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. As a result, 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased resistance to various antibiotics, as well as to acidic conditions, oxidative stress, and disinfectants. In terms of virulence, compared to WT269, the adhesion and invasive ability of 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    to HeLa cells was enhanced by onefold and 25.67%, respectively. In in vivo experiments, mice challenged with 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    experienced greater weight loss, and the bacterial loads in the spleen, liver, and intestines were elevated by fivefold, 30-fold, and 21-fold, respectively, accompanied by more severe pathological damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that the adhesion and invasion capacities of 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>CsgB<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased by 29.41% and 68.58%, respectively, compared to 269\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additionally, LacZ gene reporting indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhibited the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>CsgB.<\/jats:italic>\n                    This suggests that\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    suppresses virulence by downregulating\n                    <jats:italic>CsgB<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression. This study provides insights into the regulatory mechanisms by which\n                    <jats:italic>STM0343<\/jats:italic>\n                    reduces the stress resistance and pathogenicity of\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhimurium.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01437-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T08:26:42Z","timestamp":1736929602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Newly identified c-di-GMP pathway putative EAL domain gene STM0343 regulates stress resistance and virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenggang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dage","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhi","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dai","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7713-2015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1437_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03542-22","volume":"11","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Peng Z, Chen K, Zhan Z, Shen H, Feng S, Gou H, Qu X, Ziemann M, Layton DS, Wang X, Chen H, Wu B, Xu X, Liao M (2023) Genomic Characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden associated with human diarrhea. 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