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Rhamnose-rich polysaccharides (RPS) are abundant surface structures covalently anchored to peptidoglycan and represent promising vaccine candidates for several streptococcal pathogens. It was previously reported that the RPS of <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> strain 233 is composed of a repeating\u2009\u2192\u20092)-\u03b1-<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-Rha<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-(1\u2009\u2192\u20093)-\u03b1-<jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>-Rha<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-(1\u2009\u2192\u2009disaccharide backbone decorated with \u03b1-<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>-Glc<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> side-chains. In this study, we identified a hitherto unknown glycerol phosphate (GroP) modification at the 6-OH of the Glc residue in <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> 233 RPS using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Comparative genomic analysis of 592 <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> genomes revealed significant diversity in the RPS biosynthesis gene cluster with six major RPS genotypes. RPS genotypes 1\u20134, representing 97.5% of the analyzed strains, all contained the rhamnan backbone biosynthesis genes shared between several streptococcal species, as well as a putative GroP transferase gene. Using rhamnan-reactive immune serum, we further demonstrated that rhamnan is a conserved and accessible glycan motif in <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> RPS genotype 1 and 2 strains, but this motif is inferred to be shielded by side-chains in genotype 4 strains. Importantly, experiments with sera from cattle, challenged intramammarily with <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic>, revealed that the rhamnan backbone of <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> RPS is an immunogenic glycan motif and remained accessible to bovine IgG antibodies in the presence of single residue RPS side-chains. Overall, this study suggests that <jats:italic>S. uberis<\/jats:italic> RPS are modified with GroP and reports that RPS in most strains contain a conserved, immunogenic and antibody accessible rhamnan glycan motif.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01574-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T14:36:49Z","timestamp":1751899009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Discovery of glycerol phosphate and an immunogenic glycan motif in rhamnose-rich polysaccharides of Streptococcus uberis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9628-5079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Widmalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Korotkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Molenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jetta J. 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