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Controlling\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in pigs is therefore critical to reduce zoonotic transmission. This study evaluated a novel inactivated vaccine formulated with antigens from the Type III TgPigSp1 isolate, comprising both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages, and adjuvanted with Quil-A. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy were assessed first in a murine model as proof of concept and subsequently in piglets challenged with 1000 oocysts of the heterologous Type II-PRU TgShSp1 isolate. The vaccine showed no systemic adverse effects in either model, and an absence of local reactions was observed in piglets. In mice, vaccination elicited strong parasite-specific IgG responses and significantly reduced the parasite burden in brain and muscle tissues by more than 80%. In piglets, robust humoral and cellular immune responses were induced, as evidenced by elevated IgG and IFN-\u03b3 levels after the booster vaccination. Following challenge, the parasite load was reduced by \u2265\u200995% in target muscles, and viable\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    cysts were undetectable in at least 50% of vaccinated animals, as confirmed by bioassay. Molecular detection methods further supported the significant reduction in the parasite DNA content. These results indicate that this inactivated multistage vaccine represents a safe, immunogenic, and effective strategy to reduce tissue cyst formation and offer a promising tool within a One Health approach to improve food safety and reduce the burden of toxoplasmosis in both animal and human populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01645-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:17:58Z","timestamp":1761830278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An inactivated vaccine against acquired Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs as a tool to minimize the zoonotic transmission risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Largo-de la Torre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Diezma-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Ferre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Regidor-Cerrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Miguel","family":"Ortega-Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1645_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"JP Dubey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubey JP (2022) Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans, 3rd edn. 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