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This study investigates the PBMC immune response to\n                    <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) infection in goats using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). PBMCs from goats before and after\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection were used for scRNA-seq), and pathological examinations were performed on different tissues of the infected hosts. Results demonstrated that recombinase polymerase amplification\u2014lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) detected\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    in peripheral blood and lungs, with histopathology confirming lesions. A total of 42\u00a0615 cells were annotated as nine cell subgroups, revealed dynamic alterations in immune cell populations, including significant increase\u00a0in B cells and monocytes alongside decreased T cells and megakaryocytes post-infection. Further analysis identified 48 differentially expressed genes consistently modulated across comparison groups, with significant enrichment in immune-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms, as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokine\u2013cytokine receptor interactions. Pseudotime trajectory uncovered four B cell and two T cell differentiation lineages. Inter-cell communication exhibited enhanced activity post-infection. Integration with RNA-seq data revealed key genes (\n                    <jats:italic>IL1R2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>RBM34<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>EDEM3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>MZB1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) potentially critical in early infection. These findings substantially advance the understanding of PBMCs-mediated immune responses during the early stage of\n                    <jats:italic>P. multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in goats, identifying key genes and immune pathways. The study not only provides valuable insights into goat immunology but also establishes a foundation for developing improved diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic interventions against this economically significant pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-025-01661-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:26:27Z","timestamp":1777987587000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Profiling cell dynamic changes of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Pasteurella multocida infection with single-cell transcriptomics and histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"An","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guansheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizhuo","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoju","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riga","family":"Manchu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1661_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00014-19","volume":"83","author":"Z Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng Z, Wang X, Zhou R, Chen H, Wilson BA, Wu B (2019) Pasteurella multocida: genotypes and genomics. 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