{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:19:01Z","timestamp":1787818741098,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD2400701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2400701"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-46"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-46"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32473204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32473204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2023YFD2400704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD2400704"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vet Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also known as group B\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (GBS), is a major pathogen causing substantial economic losses in global tilapia aquaculture. The type VII secretion system (T7SS), present in Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, secretes effector proteins implicated in bacterial virulence, yet its functional mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we constructed an\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion mutant (\u2206\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in\n                    <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain HN016 to investigate the role of T7SS in virulence. The \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited impaired growth and declined intracellular magnesium ion concentration in THB or magnesium-limited chemically defined medium (1\u00a0mM Mg\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -CDM); these defects were complemented by addition of wild-type culture supernatant. Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2013PCR) analyses revealed altered sugar metabolism and significant downregulation of capsule biosynthesis genes (\n                    <jats:italic>cpsA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>cpsB<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>cpsD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Consistent with this, the mutant produced markedly less capsular polysaccharide and displayed impaired capsule integrity. Furthermore, cellular assays confirmed that compared with HN016, the \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant exhibited significantly reduced adhesion capacity, immune evasion ability, and cytotoxicity. More importantly, the \u2206\n                    <jats:italic>essC<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant showed attenuated virulence in vivo, with reduced bacterial loads in host tissues and diminished ability to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). Our findings provide the first evidence that the T7SS influences magnesium homeostasis and is essential for maintaining capsule integrity, both of which contribute critically to pathogenicity. This study identifies T7SS as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies against streptococcal disease in aquaculture.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:53:40Z","timestamp":1787817220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Type VII secretion system promotes Streptococcus agalactiae virulence through magnesium acquisition and capsule maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Fengyang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-An","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221634","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Li L, Huang T, Wang R, Liang W, Yang Q, Lei A, Chen M (2019) Comparative multi-omics systems analysis reveal the glycolysis \/ gluconeogenesis signal pathway play an important role in virulence attenuation in fish-derived GBS YM001. PLoS One 14(8):e0221634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0221634","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010121","volume":"17","author":"BL Spencer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spencer BL, Tak U, Mendon\u00e7a JC, Nagao PE, Niederweis M, Doran KS (2021) A type VII secretion system in Group B Streptococcus mediates cytotoxicity and virulence. PLoS Pathog 17:e1010121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010121","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090817-062702","volume":"72","author":"C Rapisarda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rapisarda C, Tassinari M, Gubellini F, Fronzes R (2018) Using Cryo-EM to investigate bacterial secretion systems. Annu Rev Microbiol 72:231\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-micro-090817-062702","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1816_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14599","volume":"115","author":"T Palmer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palmer T, Finney AJ, Saha CK, Atkinson GC, Sargent F (2021) A holin\/peptidoglycan hydrolase-dependent protein secretion system. Mol Microbiol 115:345\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.14599","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1816_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.800366","volume":"13","author":"AS Grossman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grossman AS, Escobar CA, Mans EJ, Mucci NC, Mauer TJ, Jones KA, Moore CC, Abraham PE, Hettich RL, Schneider L, Campagna SR, Forest KT, Goodrich-Blair H (2022) A surface exposed, two-domain lipoprotein cargo of a type XI secretion system promotes colonization of host intestinal epithelia expressing glycans. Front Microbiol 13:800366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.800366","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1816_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001406","volume":"11","author":"AS Grossman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grossman AS, Mucci NC, Kauffman SJ, Rafi J, Goodrich-Blair H (2025) Bioinformatic discovery of type 11 secretion system (T11SS) cargo across the Proteobacteria. Microbial Genomics 11:001406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/mgen.0.001406","journal-title":"Microbial Genomics"},{"issue":"5419","key":"1816_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5419.1520","volume":"284","author":"MA Behr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Behr MA, Wilson MA, Gill WP, Salamon H, Schoolnik GK, Rane S, Small PM (1999) Comparative genomics of BCG vaccines by whole-genome DNA microarray. Science 284:1520\u20131523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.284.5419.1520","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1816_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Job AM, Doran KS, Spencer BL (2024) A group B streptococcal type VII secreted LXG toxin mediates interbacterial competition and colonization of the female genital tract. mBio 15:e0208824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02088-24","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02088-24"},{"issue":"5","key":"1816_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011318","volume":"19","author":"S Parmar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parmar S, Tocheva EI (2023) The cell envelope of Mycobacterium abscessus and its role in pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 19:e1011318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011318","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1816_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tak U, Dokland T, Niederweis M (2021) Pore-forming Esx proteins mediate toxin secretion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 12:394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20533-1.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20533-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"1816_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E348","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1523321113","volume":"113","author":"JM Tufariello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tufariello JM, Chapman JR, Kerantzas CA, Wong KW, Vilch\u00e8ze C, Jones CM, Cole LE, Tinaztepe E, Thompson V, Feny\u00f6 D, Niederweis M, Ueberheide B, Philips JA, Jacobs WR Jr (2016) Separable roles for Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-3 effectors in iron acquisition and virulence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  113(3):E348\u2013E357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1523321113","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"6","key":"1816_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005696","volume":"12","author":"LS Ates","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ates LS, van der Woude AD, Bestebroer J, van Stempvoort G, Musters RJ, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Picavet DI, Rv W, Maletta M, Kuijl CP, van der Wel NN, Bitter W (2016) The ESX-5 system of pathogenic mycobacteria is involved in capsule integrity and virulence through its substrate PPE10. PLoS Pathog 12:e1005696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005696","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"1816_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sani M, Houben EN, Geurtsen J, Pierson J, de Punder K, van Zon M, Wever B, Piersma SR, Jim\u00e9nez CR, Daff\u00e9 M, Appelmelk BJ, Bitter W, van der Wel N, Peters PJ (2010) Direct visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial capsular layer: a labile structure containing ESX-1-secreted proteins. PLoS Pathog 6(3):e1000794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000794","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000794"},{"issue":"12","key":"1816_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.02.23.639515","volume":"222","author":"V Stetsenko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stetsenko V, Gail DP, Reba S, Suzart VG, Sandhu AK, Sette A, Dezfulian MH, Arlehamn CSL, Carpenter SM (2025) Human memory CD4+ T cells recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages amid broader pathogen-specific responses. J Exp Med 222:e20250460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.02.23.639515","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"34","key":"1816_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20836","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2006110117","volume":"117","author":"FR Ulhuq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ulhuq FR, Gomes MC, Duggan GM, Guo M, Mendonca C, Buchanan G, Chalmers JD, Cao Z, Kneuper H, Murdoch S, Thomson S, Strahl H, Trost M, Mostowy S, Palmer T (2020) A membrane-depolarizing toxin substrate of the Staphylococcus aureus type VII secretion system mediates intraspecies competition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  117(34):20836\u201320847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2006110117","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"22","key":"1816_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2402764121","volume":"121","author":"L Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao L, Tian T, Xiong T, Zhang X, Wang N, Liu L, Shi Y, Liu Q, Lu D, Luo P, Zhang W, Cheng P, Gou Q, Wang Y, Zeng H, Zhang X, Zou Q (2024) Type VII secretion system extracellular protein B targets STING to evade host anti\u2013Staphylococcus aureus immunity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  121(22):e2402764121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2402764121","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"6","key":"1816_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.15","volume":"15","author":"P Chandrangsu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chandrangsu P, Rensing C, Helmann JD (2017) Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria. Nat Rev Microbiol 15:338\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.15","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1816_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00560-5","volume":"19","author":"A Rivera-Calzada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rivera-Calzada A, Famelis N, Llorca O, Geibel S (2021) Type VII secretion systems: structure, functions and transport models. Nat Rev Microbiol 19:567\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-021-00560-5","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2026-y","volume":"16","author":"R Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang R, Li L, Huang Y, Luo F, Liang W, Gan X, Huang T, Lei A, Chen M, Chen L (2015) Comparative genome analysis identifies two large deletions in the genome of highly-passaged attenuated Streptococcus agalactiae strain YM001 compared to the parental pathogenic strain HN016. BMC Genomics 16:897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12864-015-2026-y","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.743195","volume":"612","author":"TY Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma TY, Li FY, Wu CS, Lin JH, Chen M, Zhang YA, Zeng H (2025) Evaluation of MarR-deleted Streptococcus agalactiae as a live-attenuated vaccine candidate for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture 612:743195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2025.743195","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"4","key":"1816_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.11.4.649-655.1975","volume":"11","author":"B Terleckyj","year":"1975","unstructured":"Terleckyj B, Willett NP, Shockman GD (1975) Growth of several cariogenic strains of oral streptococci in a chemically defined medium. Infect Immun 11:649\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.11.4.649-655.1975","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"15","key":"1816_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9521","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.631499","volume":"290","author":"C Toniolo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toniolo C, Balducci E, Romano MR, Proietti D, Ferlenghi I, Grandi G, Berti F, Ros IM, Janulczyk R (2015) Streptococcus agalactiae capsule polymer length and attachment is determined by the proteins CpsABCD. J Biol Chem 290:9521\u20139532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M114.631499","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1816_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balasubramanian N, Pounpandi P, Varatharaju G, Shanmugaiah V, Balakrishnan K, Thirunarayan MA (2023) Distribution of virulence genes and biofilm characterization of human isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae: a pilot study. Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 223:113151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2023.113151"},{"key":"1816_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103613","volume":"106","author":"ZW Cui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Wu CS, Zhang YA, Zhou Y, Zhang XJ (2020) Membrane IgM+ plasma cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): insights into the conserved evolution of IgM+ plasma cells in vertebrates. Dev Comp Immunol 106:103613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103613","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol"},{"key":"1816_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109649","volume":"150","author":"XQ Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han XQ, Pan YR, Zhong YQ, Tian TT, Liu X, Zhang XJ, Zhang YA (2024) Identification and functional analyses of CD4-1+ cells in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol 150:109649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109649","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1816_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1913","volume":"11","author":"YA Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang YA, Salinas I, Li J, Parra D, Bjork S, Xu Z, LaPatra SE, Bartholomew J, Sunyer JO (2010) IgT, a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. Nat Immunol 11:827\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.1913","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"1816_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.119073","volume":"281","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Wu CS, Hu YZ, Yang L, Zhang XJ, Zhang YA (2022) Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp. J Carbohydrate Polymers 281:119073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.119073","journal-title":"J Carbohydrate Polymers"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-024-01318-6","volume":"55","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang L, Wu Z, Ma TY, Zeng H, Chen M, Zhang YA, Zhou Y (2024) Identification of ClpB, a molecular chaperone involved in the stress tolerance and virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae. Veterinary Research 55(1):60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-024-01318-6","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"1816_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2219435","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2219435120","volume":"120","author":"F Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan F, Zhu M, Liang Y, Yuan C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Fan H, Waldor MK, Ma Z (2023) Membrane vesicle delivery of a streptococcal M protein disrupts the blood brain barrier by inducing autophagic endothelial cell death. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120(24):e2219435120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2219435120","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"30","key":"1816_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11123","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403010101","volume":"101","author":"AL Lewis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lewis AL, Nizet V, Varki A (2004) Discovery and characterization of sialic acid O-acetylation in group B Streptococcus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America101(30):11123\u201311128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0403010101","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.vmbf-0011-2015","volume":"4","author":"LS Ates","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ates LS, Houben ENG, Bitter W (2016) Type VII secretion: a highly versatile secretion system. Microbiology Spectrum 4(1):10.1128\/microbiolspec.vmbf-0011-2015 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.vmbf-0011-2015","journal-title":"Virulence Mechanisms Bacterial Pathogens"},{"key":"1816_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agyen R, Powell I, McNair M, Missiakas D, Bobrovskyy M (2026) Type VIIb secretion system recruits the dedicated cell wall hydrolase EssH to enable effector secretion by Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 17:e03196\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.10.30.685510","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.10.30.685510"},{"key":"1816_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685307","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1685307","volume":"15","author":"Q Bai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bai Q, Liu J, Zhao J, Pan X, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Ma J (2025) Identifying a type of toxic effectors exported by the type VII secretion system to enhance competitive fitness in Streptococcus suis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15:1685307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1685307","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1816_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078351","volume":"8","author":"A Serafini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Serafini A, Pisu D, Pal\u00f9 G, Rodriguez GM, Manganelli R (2013) The ESX-3 secretion system is necessary for iron and zinc homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 8(10):e78351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0078351","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"42","key":"1816_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11223","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1700627114","volume":"114","author":"MS Lopez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopez MS, Tan IS, Yan D, Kang J, McCreary M, Modrusan Z, Austin CD, Xu M, Brown EJ (2017) Host-derived fatty acids activate type VII secretion in Staphylococcus aureus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114(42):11223\u201311228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1700627114","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"7","key":"1816_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.03081-14","volume":"83","author":"Q Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Q, Zhu L, Jones V, Wang C, Hua Y, Shi X, Feng X, Jackson M, Niu C, Gao Q (2015) CpsA, a LytR-CpsA-Psr family protein in Mycobacterium marinum, is required for cell wall integrity and virulence. Infect Immun 83:2844\u20132854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.03081-14","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-026-01757-3","volume":"57","author":"J Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu J, Li F, Zhang YA, Zeng H (2026) CorA2-mediated magnesium transport is essential for stress adaptation and virulence of Streptococcus agalactiae. Vet Res 57:94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01757-3","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"1816_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2023.102564","volume":"79","author":"Z Stephens","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stephens Z, Wilson LFL, Zimmer J (2023) Diverse mechanisms of polysaccharide biosynthesis, assembly and secretion across kingdoms. Curr Opin Struct Biol 79:102564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbi.2023.102564","journal-title":"Curr Opin Struct Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1816_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.15364","volume":"1548","author":"S Khadka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khadka S, Kinney EL, Ryan BE, Mike LA (2025) Mechanisms governing bacterial capsular polysaccharide attachment and chain length. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1548:80\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.15364","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1816_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy341","volume":"218","author":"KA Patras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patras KA, Derieux J, Al-Bassam MM, Adiletta N, Vrbanac A, Lapek JD, Zengler K, Gonzalez DJ, Nizet V (2018) Group B Streptococcus biofilm regulatory protein A contributes to bacterial physiology and innate immune resistance. The Journal of infectious diseases  218:1641\u20131652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiy341","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1816_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hooven TA, Catomeris AJ, Bonakdar M, Tallon LJ, Santana-Cruz I, Ott S, Daugherty SC, Tettelin H, Ratner AJ (2018) The Streptococcus agalactiae stringent response enhances virulence and persistence in human blood. Infection and Immunity 86(1):e00612-17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.00612-17","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.00612-17"},{"key":"1816_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brissac T, Mart\u00ednez E, Kruckow KL, Riegler AN, Ganaie F, Im H, Bakshi S, Arroyo-Diaz NM, Spencer BL, Saad JS, Nahm MH, Orihuela CJ (2021) Capsule promotes intracellular survival and vascular endothelial cell translocation during invasive pneumococcal disease. mBio 12(5):e0251621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.02516-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02516-21"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:53:43Z","timestamp":1787817223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13567-026-01816-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1297-9716"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1297-9716","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experimental procedures were strictly carried out according to the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Hubei Province, China. The animal experiment protocol (HZAUFI-2025-0016) was approved by the Laboratory Animal Monitoring Committee of Huazhong Agricultural University. All efforts were made to minimize animal distress.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"154"}}