{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:21:04Z","timestamp":1793496064100,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality","award":["26116120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26116120"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007540","name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX(19)3026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(19)3026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007540","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AMB Expr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>In recent years, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) caused by fowl adenovirus (FAdV) infection have resulted in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Epidemiological analysis revealed that serotype FAdV-8 is one of the major pathogenic FAdVs currently prevalent in domestic flocks. Although the fiber protein of FAdV plays vital roles in viral infection and pathogenesis, the B cell epitope in the fiber protein is less known. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to fiber protein of FAdV-8, designated as 4D9 and 5F10, were prepared. Although the mAb 4D9 and 5F10 could not neutralize FAdV-8 infection, 4D9 and 5F10 showed good activities of indirect immunofluorescence, western blot and immunoprecipitation. Epitope analysis revealed that mAb 5F10 recognized 187\u2013219aa in the fiber whereas mAb 4D9 recognized 113\u2013149aa in the fiber. Sequence analysis showed that the epitope recognized by mAb 5F10 was conserve across serotypes FAdV-7, 8a and 8b whereas that for mAb 4D9 was only conserve in FAdV-8b. The generation of mAbs specific to fiber of FAdV-8 and the identification of the novel B cell epitopes here lay the foundation for further studying the antigenicity of the fiber and developing specific diagnosis for FAdV-8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1572527079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of novel B cell epitopes in the fiber protein of serotype 8 Fowl adenovirus"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weikang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuofan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aijian","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"895_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.01.028","volume":"36","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen L et al (2018) Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant fiber-2 protein in protecting SPF chickens against fowl adenovirus 4. Vaccine 36(9):1203\u20131208","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1372561","volume":"47","author":"F Feichtner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feichtner F et al (2017) Development of sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for specific detection of antibodies against fowl adenovirus serotypes 1 and 4 in chickens. Avian Pathol 47(1):73\u201382","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0995-y","volume":"48","author":"H Grgic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grgic H, Krell PJ, Nagy E (2014) Comparison of fiber gene sequences of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and non-IBH strains of serotype 8 and 11 fowl adenoviruses. Virus Genes 48(1):74\u201380","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1637\/11758-100917-Reg.1","volume":"62","author":"ZR He","year":"2018","unstructured":"He ZR et al (2018) Recombinant fiber-2 protein-based indirect ELISA for antibody detection of fowl adenovirus serotype 4. Avian Dis 62(1):73\u201378","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"895_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450050045440","volume":"29","author":"MJAP Hess","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hess MJAP (2000) Detection and differentiation of avian adenoviruses: a review. Avian Pathol 29(3):12","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"895_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450120092143","volume":"30","author":"G Meulemans","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meulemans G et al (2001) Polymerase chain reaction combined with restriction enzyme analysis for detection and differentiation of fowl adenoviruses. Avian Pathol 30(6):655\u2013660","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s13337-013-0183-7","volume":"25","author":"D Mittal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mittal D et al (2014) Characterization of fowl adenoviruses associated with hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis in broiler chickens. Virusdisease 25(1):114\u2013119","journal-title":"Virusdisease"},{"issue":"3","key":"895_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.53.3.111","volume":"53","author":"PN Nelson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nelson PN et al (2000) Monoclonal antibodies. Mol Pathol 53(3):111\u2013117","journal-title":"Mol Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2635-4","volume":"161","author":"JS Niczyporuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niczyporuk JS (2016) Phylogenetic and geographic analysis of fowl adenovirus field strains isolated from poultry in Poland. Arch Virol 161(1):33\u201342","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"895_CR10","first-page":"1561","volume":"66","author":"Y Okuda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Okuda Y et al (2004) Pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus isolated from Gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens. J Vet Med. 66(12):1561","journal-title":"J Vet Med."},{"key":"895_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.031","volume":"61","author":"S Ruan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruan S et al (2018) A subunit vaccine based on fiber-2 protein provides full protection against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and induces quicker and stronger immune responses than an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Genet Evol. 61:145\u2013150","journal-title":"Genet Evol."},{"issue":"9","key":"895_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.12.056","volume":"32","author":"A Schachner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schachner A et al (2014) Recombinant FAdV-4 fiber-2 protein protects chickens against hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS). Vaccine 32(9):1086\u20131092","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"895_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2017.1385724","volume":"47","author":"A Schachner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schachner A et al (2018) Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control\u2014a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathol. 47(2):111","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"895_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2019.1566595","volume":"48","author":"H Shao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shao H et al (2019) A novel monoclonal antibodies-based sandwich ELISA for detection of serotype 4 fowl adenovirus. Avian Pathol 48(3):204\u2013208","journal-title":"Avian Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"895_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1839-1845.1999","volume":"37","author":"S Takeuchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takeuchi S et al (1999) Serotyping of adenoviruses on conjunctival scrapings by PCR and sequence analysis. J Clin Microbiol 37(6):1839\u20131845","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"895_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0525-y","volume":"49","author":"P Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang P et al (2018) A novel monoclonal antibody efficiently blocks the infection of serotype 4 fowl adenovirus by targeting fiber-2. Vet Res. 49(1):29","journal-title":"Vet Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"895_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00002-10","volume":"17","author":"JQ Ye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ye JQ et al (2010) Intranasal delivery of an IgA monoclonal antibody effective against sublethal H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Clin Vacc Immunol. 17(9):1363\u20131370","journal-title":"Clin Vacc Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"895_CR18","first-page":"e50","volume":"5","author":"J Ye","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ye J et al (2016) Outbreaks of serotype 4 fowl adenovirus with novel genotype, China. Emerg Microb Infect 5(5):e50","journal-title":"Emerg Microb Infect"}],"container-title":["AMB Express"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:06:33Z","timestamp":1604016393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/amb-express.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["895"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13568-019-0895-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2191-0855"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2191-0855","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the institutional animal care guidelines, and the protocol (#06R015) approved by the Animal Care Committee at Yangzhou University in China.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"172"}}