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Due to the expansion of intensive farming, coccidiosis has become more difficult to control. In addition, the continued use of anti-coccidiosis drugs has led to drug resistance and residue. Some herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to alleviate the clinical symptoms of coccidiosis, while enhancing immunity and growth performance (GP) of livestock and poultry. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that the TCM herb\n                    <jats:italic>Portulaca oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited anti-parasitic activities\n                    <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    In total, 36 female Hu lambs were equally divided into six treatment groups: PL (low-dose\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), PH (high-dose\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), PW (\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    water extract), PE (\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ethanol extract), DIC (diclazuril), and CON (control). The treatment period was 14\u00a0days. The McMaster counting method was used to evaluate the anti-coccidiosis effects of the different treatments. Untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate the effects of treatment on the gut microbiota (GM) and GP. The results showed that\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ameliorated coccidiosis, improved GP, increased the abundances of beneficial bacteria, and maintained the composition of the GM, but failed to completely clear coccidian oocysts. The\n                    <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n                    to\n                    <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ratio was significantly increased in the PH group.\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    increased metabolism of tryptophan as well as some vitamins and cofactors in the GM and decreased the relative content of arginine, tryptophan, niacin, and other nutrients, thereby promoting intestinal health and enhancing GP. As an alternative to the anti-coccidiosis drug DIC,\n                    <jats:italic>P. oleracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    effectively inhibited growth of coccidia, maintained the composition of the GM, promoted intestinal health, and increased nutrient digestibility.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-024-01705-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T07:01:54Z","timestamp":1714719714000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Portulaca oleracea exhibited anti-coccidian activity, fortified the gut microbiota of Hu lambs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shiheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shucheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuchun","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102166","volume":"101","author":"ME Abd El-Hack","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abd El-Hack ME, Alabdali AYM, Aldhalmi AK, Reda FM, Bassiony SS, Selim S, El-Saadony MT, Alagawany M (2022) Impacts of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extract supplementation on growing Japanese quails\u2019 growth, carcass traits, blood indices, nutrients digestibility and gut microbiota. 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