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The present study investigated the modulatory effects of <jats:italic>B. bifidum<\/jats:italic> on the expression of miR-196a, miR-196b, and <jats:italic>NF-\u03baBI\u03b1<\/jats:italic> genes in a DSS-induced IBD mice model. Thirty male C57BL\/6 mice were randomly assigned to five experimental groups (G1\u2013G5). The induction of colitis used 3% DSS in drinking water for 8\u00a0days. The Disease Activity Index (DAI) was monitored, and mice were euthanized for further analysis on the 22nd day. The mice were gavaged with 2\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CFU\/ml of <jats:italic>B. bifidum<\/jats:italic> per day. Histological grading of the colon tissues was done, and the levels of cytokines TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 were measured using ELISA. At the gene level, the expression of miR-196a, miR-196b, and NF-\u03baBI\u03b1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. Weight gain from days 11 to 17 in G3 and G4 with <jats:italic>B. bifidum<\/jats:italic> treatment pointed out its therapeutic benefits. Colon length, weight, and spleen weight were significantly decreased in G2 compared to G1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.0001). Histopathological examination revealed severe mucosal damage in G2, reduced inflammation in G3, fewer deep wounds in G4, and significant healing in G5. <jats:italic>B. bifidum<\/jats:italic>, especially in G5, significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.0002). Gene expression analysis showed decreases in miR-196a and NF-\u03baBI\u03b1 and an increase in miR-196b, with G5 showing the most changes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.0001). In conclusion, <jats:italic>B. bifidum<\/jats:italic> demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects in the DSS-induced IBD model by modulating miRNA expression and reducing key inflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-025-01869-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T09:30:24Z","timestamp":1751535024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Examining miR-196a, miR-196b and NF-\u03baBI\u03b1 gene expression in colitis mice model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rafiezadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Aboutalebian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azar","family":"Baradaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laleh","family":"Hoveida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hossein","family":"Hejazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.999001","author":"M Afzaal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Afzaal M, Saeed F, Shah YA, Hussain M, Rabail R, Socol CT, Hassoun A, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM, Rusu AV, Aadil RM (2022) Human gut microbiota in health and disease: unveiling the relationship. 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