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However, its efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. To investigate the therapeutic potential of CuB, a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model in mice was employed, along with gut microbiota analysis. The results revealed that CuB significantly alleviated clinical symptoms, improved colonic tissue damage, and suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 in colon tissues. Additionally, CuB was associated with changes in specific microbial populations, including the upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Muribaculum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the downregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>Desulfovibrionaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia-Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Candidatus_Saccharimonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which may contribute to the recovery of colon injury. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting CuB's therapeutic potential in DSS-induced colitis by enhancing gut microbiota diversity. CuB shows promise as potential treatment for UC and other conditions related to disruptions in intestinal flora homeostasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-025-01922-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T09:13:42Z","timestamp":1753521222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cucurbitacin B alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by improving gut microbiota disorder in C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jichen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenling","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minglan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjiang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27950","volume":"132","author":"A Aribi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aribi A, Gery S, Lee DH, Thoennissen NH, Thoennissen GB, Alvarez R, Ho Q, Lee K, Doan NB, Chan KT, Toh M, Said JW, Koeffler HP (2013) The triterpenoid cucurbitacin B augments the antiproliferative activity of chemotherapy in human breast cancer. 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