{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:06:10Z","timestamp":1793325970536,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FWO\/DPO\/108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWO\/DPO\/108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EOS project nr. 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Interleukin (IL)-9 is a pro-inflammatory Th2 cytokine with a pivotal role in asthma, allergy and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but is less studied in CRSwNP. We aimed to characterize the expression and cellular source of IL-9 and examined <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> as potential local trigger in CRSwNP. We showed increased numbers of interleukin-9 producing neutrophils and mononuclear cells in the tissue of CRSwNP patients. This interleukin-9 production was stimulated by <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and its enterotoxin B in vitro. These findings underline the contribution of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and define IL-9 as another relevant cytokine in type 2 CRSwNP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T20:02:41Z","timestamp":1604001761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Unravelling the expression of interleukin-9 in chronic rhinosinusitis: A possible role for Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5901-1618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Delemarre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"De Ruyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Holtappels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Bachert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elien","family":"Gevaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052016-100401","volume":"12","author":"RP Schleimer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schleimer RP. Immunopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2017;12:331\u201357.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.013","volume":"114","author":"T Van Zele","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Zele T, Gevaert P, Watelet JB, Claeys G, Holtappels G, Claeys C, et al. Staphylococcus aureus colonization and IgE antibody formation to enterotoxins is increased in nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(4):981\u20133.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"348_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2019.05.003","volume":"25","author":"AR Teufelberger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Teufelberger AR, Broker BM, Krysko DV, Bachert C, Krysko O. Staphylococcus aureus orchestrates type 2 airway diseases. Trends in molecular medicine. 2019;25(8):696\u2013707.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092113","volume":"20","author":"S Chakraborty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakraborty S, Kubatzky KF, Mitra DK. An update on interleukin-9: from its cellular source and signal transduction to is role in immunopathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(9):2113.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.7.1307","volume":"188","author":"UA Temann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Temann UA, Geba GP, Rankin JA, Flavell RA. Expression of interleukin 9 in the lungs of transgenic mice causes airway inflammation, mast cell hyperplasia, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. J Exp Med. 1998;188(7):1307\u201320.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2016.02.002","volume":"29","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Finotto S. IL-9 signaling as key driver of chronic inflammation in mucosal immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2016;29:93\u20139.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"348_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3824","volume":"15","author":"MH Kaplan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaplan MH, Hufford MM, Olson MR. The development and in vivo function of T helper 9 cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(5):295\u2013307.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"348_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21745","volume":"6","author":"CM Olcott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olcott CM, Han JK, Cunningham TD, Franzese CB. Interleukin-9 and interleukin-17C in chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2016;6(8):841\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.319","volume":"119","author":"J Patou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patou J, Van Zele T, Holtappels G, Gevaert P, Van Cauwenberge P, Bachert C. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B stimulation in nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119(1):S243.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,31]],"date-time":"2020-12-31T22:44:06Z","timestamp":1609454646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ctajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00348-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7022","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Ghent University Hospital (B670201939934). Written informed consent was received from all patients before inclusion in the study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}