{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:42:30Z","timestamp":1761986550133,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V-630-1-301-2013\/185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V-630-1-301-2013\/185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Transl Allergy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macadamia nut can induce fatal allergic reactions and changes in dietary habits will raise their consumption in industrialised countries. Until now diagnosis of macadamia nut allergy by sIgE solely relies on the macadamia nut extract, but single components are lacking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macadamia nut proteins recognised by IgE from 2 macadamia nut extract positive sera were identified by mass spectrometry (vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides: VLAP). Sensitisation to macadamia nut extract and heterologously expressed isoform VLAP-2\u20133 was evaluated in 82 nut allergic (NA) and 27 tolerant (NT) patients (no tree nut allergy reported) comprehending 10 macadamia nut allergic (MA) and 18 explicitly reported macadamia nut tolerant patients (MT), using line blots. Co-sensitisation to additional VLAP isoforms and other vicilins was evaluated in 8 MA, 12 MT and 14 NA patients sensitised to VLAP-2\u20133. Functional properties were determined by indirect basophil activation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though proteins recognised by IgE were identified as VLAP-2\u20131, 2\u20132 and 2\u20133, only peptides specifically belonging to VLAP-2\u20133 were detected by mass spectrometry. The macadamia nut extract was recognised by 33% of NA patients (27\/82) including 3 MA patients and 26% of NT patients (7\/27, 3 MT). Similarly, 29% of NA (24\/82) patients showed partly strong sIgE-binding to VLAP-2\u20133 including 3 MA patients with systemic reactions to macadamia nut. Contrary, VLAP-2\u20133 was recognised by only 2 NT (1 MT) patients (7%) with very low sIgE titres. Simultaneous recognition of the isoforms VLAP-2\u20131 and 2\u20132 was observed in all patients positive for VLAP-2\u20133 with partly reduced sIgE titres in 59% of these patients. Additionally, all three VLAP isoforms were able to repeatedly induce BAT reactivity upon sensitisation with a MA serum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VLAP proteins are the first described macadamia nut components with serological and functional allergenic properties and they are associated with systemic reactions to macadamia nut.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T11:03:45Z","timestamp":1606907025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["IgE-binding to vicilin-like antimicrobial peptides is associated with systemic reactions to macadamia nut"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Ehlers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Rohwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henny G.","family":"Otten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thuy-My","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waltraud","family":"Suer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 C.","family":"Knulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"364_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70304-0","volume":"104","author":"M Sutherland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sutherland M, O\u2019Hehir R, Czarny D, Suphioglu C. Macadamia nut anaphylaxis: demonstration of specific IgE reactivity and partial cross-reactivity with hazelnut. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104(4):889\u201390.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"364_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03642.x","volume":"24","author":"R Herbst","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herbst R, Wahl R, Frosch P. Specific IgE reactivity and identification of potential allergens in macadamia allergy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(11):1361\u20133.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"364_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.041","volume":"141","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sasaki M, Koplin J, Dharmage S, Field M, Sawyer S, McWilliam V, et al. Prevalence of clinic-defined food allergy in early adolescence: the SchoolNuts study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018;141(1):391-8.e4.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"unstructured":"Global A. The European market potential for macadamia nuts. In: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands; 2020. https:\/\/www.cbi.eu\/market-information\/processed-fruit-vegetables-edible-nuts\/macadamia-nuts\/market-potential\/. Accessed 18 May 2020.","key":"364_CR4"},{"issue":"9","key":"364_CR5","first-page":"770","volume":"16","author":"C Sitaru","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sitaru C, D\u00e4hnrich C, Probst C, Komorowski L, Bl\u00f6cker I, Schmidt E, et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using multimers of the 16th non-collagenous domain of the BP180 antigen for sensitive and specific detection of pemphigoid autoantibodies. ExpDermatol. 2007;16(9):770\u20137.","journal-title":"ExpDermatol"},{"key":"364_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70029-1","volume":"104","author":"S Teuber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Teuber S, Jarvis K, Dandekar A, Peterson W, Ansari A. Identification and cloning of a complementary DNA encoding a vicilin-like proprotein, Jug r 2, from English walnut kernel (Juglans regia), a major food allergen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999;104:1311\u201320.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"364_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.06.020","volume":"114","author":"E Pastorello","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pastorello E, Farioli L, Pravettoni V, Robino A, Scibilia J, Fortunato D, et al. Lipid transfer protein and vicilin are important walnut allergens in patients not allergic to pollen. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(4):908\u201314.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"364_CR8","first-page":"245","volume":"22","author":"M Verweij","year":"2012","unstructured":"Verweij M, Hagendorens M, Trashin S, Cucu T, De Meulenaer B, Devreese B, et al. Age-dependent sensitization to the 7S-vicilin-like protein Cor a 11 from hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in a Birch-Endemic Region. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22(4):245\u201351.","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"364_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S3.1601","volume":"111","author":"H Sampson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sampson H. Anaphylaxis and emergency treatment. Pediatrics. 2003;111(6):1601\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Allergy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T23:43:39Z","timestamp":1669938219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ctajournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["364"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13601-020-00364-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7022"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-7022"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was carried out in accordance with the University Medical Centre Utrecht, Biobank Regulations, which are in compliance with the applicable national and international laws and regulations. These regulations permit the use of \u2018residual material from diagnostic testing\u2019 for research, unless the patient objects (Article 8, \u2018no objection\u2019 procedure). None of the included patients objected the use of their serum. The protocol was approved by the Biobank Research Ethics Committee of the University Medical Centre Utrecht under the protocol number 18-428.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"S. Rohwer, B. Brix and W. Suer are employees of EUROIMMUN. The research position of A. Ehlers is partially funded by EUROIMMUN. Other authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"55"}}