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We measured serum levels of the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL21, CCL22, CCL24, and CCL26, tryptase, the absolute number of circulating basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and PMNs, and whole blood<jats:italic>FCER1A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>CPA3<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>HDC<\/jats:italic>gene expression at two time points: during the anaphylactic episode and in convalescent samples collected approximately 3\u00a0months later. We then investigated the in vitro chemotactic activity of chemokines induced during anaphylaxis for the in vitro migration of the corresponding cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only CCL2 chemokine levels were significantly increased in anaphylaxis samples (median 514\u00a0pg\/ml) compared to convalescent samples (284\u00a0pg\/ml,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and healthy subjects (279\u00a0pg\/ml,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001); there was no significant difference in any of the other chemokines. There was a significant positive correlation between the rates of increase of serum CCL2 (median [range]: 106.0% [\u2212\u200944.7% to 557.4%]) and tryptase (133.8% [\u2212\u20096.6% to 893.4%]; r\u2009=\u20090.68, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and between the acute concentration of serum CCL2 and the acute concentration of serum tryptase (r\u2009=\u20090.77, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The number of circulating basophils, but not other blood cells, significantly decreased during anaphylaxis (median 5.0 vs. 19.1\u00a0cells\/\u00b5l in convalescent samples;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001); a decrease in whole-blood gene expression of basophil markers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.0018) confirmed these changes. Anaphylactic serum enhances the in vitro migration of basophils via CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity; in contrast, no CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity was observed for convalescent samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings imply an important and specific role for CCL2-mediated chemotactic activity in the pathophysiology of human anaphylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-020-00367-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:08:06Z","timestamp":1607990886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Chemokines during anaphylaxis: the importance of CCL2 and CCL2-dependent chemotactic activity for basophils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Romana","family":"Vantur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marusa","family":"Rihar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Koren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matija","family":"Rijavec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kopac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urska","family":"Bidovec-Stojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Erzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0835-1599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Korosec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12437","volume":"69","author":"A Muraro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, Bil\u00f2 MB, Brockow K, Fern\u00e1ndez Rivas M, et al. 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