{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T08:47:51Z","timestamp":1776674871205,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Intensive Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T12:15:42Z","timestamp":1745324142000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Stewart\u2019s theory and acid\u2013base changes induced by crystalloid infusion in humans: a randomized physiological trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03507062","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Antonio Maria","family":"Dell\u2019Anna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4557-6308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico Luca","family":"Grieco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Domined\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Cicetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Cisterna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossano","family":"Festa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Lamacchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Giann\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Filetici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Michi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca Danila","family":"Alcaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demetrio","family":"Del Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Concetta","family":"Meluzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Ciro","family":"Tamburrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.4266\/kjccm.2016.00934","article-title":"The complexities of intravenous fluid research: questions of scale, volume, and accumulation","volume":"31","author":"Glassford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.01.008","article-title":"The history of 0.9% saline","volume":"27","author":"Awad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0044-0","article-title":"Intravenous fluid therapy in critically ill adults","volume":"14","author":"Finfer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03464-1","article-title":"Association between perioperative fluid administration and postoperative outcomes: a 20-year systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized goal-directed trials in major visceral\/noncardiac surgery","volume":"25","author":"Messina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-018-5147-3","article-title":"Maintenance fluid therapy and fluid creep impose more significant fluid, sodium, and chloride burdens than resuscitation fluids in critically ill patients: a retrospective study in a tertiary mixed ICU population","volume":"44","author":"Van Regenmortel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0035","article-title":"Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people","volume":"8","author":"Lewis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208627","article-title":"Resuscitation fluids","volume":"369","author":"Myburgh","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00679-3","article-title":"Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA)","volume":"10","author":"Malbrain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90079-8","article-title":"Independent and dependent variables of acid-base control","volume":"33","author":"Stewart","year":"1978","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.05.029","article-title":"Intraoperative use of balanced crystalloids versus 0.9% saline: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies","volume":"131","author":"Vignarajah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2095-y","article-title":"The rule regulating pH changes during crystalloid infusion","volume":"37","author":"Carlesso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2455-2","article-title":"In vivo conditioning of acid\u2013base equilibrium by crystalloid solutions: an experimental study on pigs","volume":"38","author":"Langer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199905000-00007","article-title":"Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery","volume":"90","author":"Scheingraber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018709","article-title":"Comparison of fractional excretion of electrolytes in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease","volume":"99","author":"Hsiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1139\/y83-207","article-title":"Modern quantitative acid\u2013base chemistry","volume":"61","author":"Stewart","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004751","article-title":"Combining the physical-chemical approach with standard base excess to understand the compensation of respiratory acid-base derangements: an individual participant meta-analysis approach to data from multiple canine and human experiments","volume":"140","author":"Zadek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-009-1653-7","article-title":"Dilutional acidosis: where do the protons come from?","volume":"35","author":"Gattinoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F587","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00130.2018","article-title":"\u201cI don\u2019t get no respect\u201d: the role of chloride in acute kidney injury","volume":"316","author":"Rein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00917.2023","article-title":"Quantifying pH-induced changes in plasma strong ion difference during experimental acidosis: clinical implications for base excess interpretation","volume":"136","author":"Giosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e318256be72","article-title":"A Randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study on the effects of 2-L infusions of 0.9% Saline and Plasma-Lyte\u00ae 148 on renal blood flow velocity and renal cortical tissue perfusion in healthy volunteers","volume":"256","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13356","article-title":"Association between a chloride-liberal vs chloride-restrictive intravenous fluid administration strategy and kidney injury in critically ill adults","volume":"308","author":"Yunos","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1711584","article-title":"Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults","volume":"378","author":"Semler","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.6.1066","article-title":"Chloride regulates afferent arteriolar contraction in response to depolarization","volume":"32","author":"Hansen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110820","article-title":"Regulation of renal blood flow by plasma chloride","volume":"71","author":"Wilcox","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.116","article-title":"Intrarenal prostaglandin release: Effects of arachidonic acid and hyperchloremia","volume":"28","author":"Wilcox","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11684","article-title":"Effect of intravenous fluid treatment with a balanced solution vs 0.9% saline solution on mortality in critically ill patients","volume":"326","author":"Zampieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.12334","article-title":"Effect of a buffered crystalloid solution vs saline on acute kidney injury among patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"314","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114464","article-title":"Balanced multielectrolyte solution versus saline in critically ill adults","volume":"386","author":"Finfer","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201903-0557OC","article-title":"Balanced crystalloids versus saline in sepsis. A secondary analysis of the SMART clinical trial","volume":"200","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06454-7","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in the critically ill: an updated review on pathophysiology and management","volume":"47","author":"Pickkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx040","article-title":"Perioperative plasma-lyte use reduces the incidence of renal replacement therapy and hyperkalaemia following renal transplantation when compared with 0.9% saline: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Adwaney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aex163","article-title":"Effects of intraoperative and early postoperative normal saline or plasma-lyte 148\u00ae on hyperkalaemia in deceased donor renal transplantation: a double-blind randomized trial","volume":"119","author":"Weinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143718772792","article-title":"Perioperative metabolic acidosis: The Bradford Anaesthetic Department Acidosis Study","volume":"20","author":"Lawton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Soc"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-17-21","article-title":"Influence of an acetate- and a lactate-based balanced infusion solution on acid base physiology and hemodynamics: an observational pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Hofmann-Kiefer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.07.017","article-title":"Lactate versus acetate buffered intravenous crystalloid solutions: a scoping review","volume":"125","author":"Ellekjaer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.02.030","article-title":"Renal function during sevoflurane or total intravenous propofol anaesthesia: a single-centre parallel randomised controlled study","volume":"128","author":"Franz\u00e9n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Annals of Intensive Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2110582025000639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2110582025000639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T07:59:47Z","timestamp":1776671987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2110582025000639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["S2110582025000639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2110-5820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2110-5820","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stewart\u2019s theory and acid\u2013base changes induced by crystalloid infusion in humans: a randomized physiological trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Intensive Care","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-025-01473-9","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2025 The Author(s) 2025. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"54"}}