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This study provides the first long-term national level analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      -associated disease (SSAD) in the Republic of Ireland. We examined the pig diagnostic submissions, characterised serotype distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and co-infection patterns from 2010 to 2024.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings confirm that serotypes 9 and 2 or 1\/2 were most frequently associated with disease. We observed a significant shift in recent years where serotype 9 has surpassed serotype 2 or 1\/2 in number of occurrences.\n                      <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was frequently co-detected with viral pathogens including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2, and swine influenza virus (SIV), as well as bacterial pathogens such as\n                      <jats:italic>Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      , typically from pneumonic lungs. While resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was high (44.4% to 65.8%), isolates remained susceptible to first-line beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin (7.9% resistance), ampicillin (5.5% resistance) and amoxycillin\/clavulanate (0% resistance).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The observed heterogeneity between and within herds challenges successful implementation of vaccination and highlights the need for ongoing disease monitoring. These findings provide the first in-depth assessment of SSAD in Ireland\u2019s pig population which will offer valuable insights for future surveillance efforts, including genomic studies and supporting evidence-based strategies and vaccine selection for controlling\n                      <jats:italic>S. suis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Irish pig sector.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-026-00352-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T01:04:53Z","timestamp":1782349493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A descriptive analysis of Streptococcus suis-associated disease in Irish pigs from 2010 to 2024: serotypes, pathology, and antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Moriarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Kuffour","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mignacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayle","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Scanlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Beumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Curran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aine","family":"O\u2019Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"McGettrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosme","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gottschalk M, Segura M. 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