{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:02:53Z","timestamp":1789704173270,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Pediatr Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) are well established as a standard of care for the treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) worldwide. While numerous delivery systems and routes of administration exist, depot intramuscular injections or sustained-release preparations have been most widely used. Leuprolide acetate is well tolerated among children though some can develop some complications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We present a case report of a 6.5\u00a0year old girl with central precocious puberty who developed signs of pseudotumor cerebri after 2 doses of leuprolide acetate 3.75\u00a0mg given monthly. Systemic exam and other tests to look for the cause did not yield anything. However, fundoscopy showed marked papilloedema with blurred disc margins. After six weeks\u2019 treatment with acetazolamide and withdrawal of the GRNHa the papilloedema resolved.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>If a patient presents with complaints such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and double vision in pediatric patients treated with GnRH analogue one should highly consider the presence of pseudotumor cerebri and fundus examination be performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13633-020-00092-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:49:41Z","timestamp":1606956581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pseudotumor cerebri in patient on leuprolide acetate for central precocious puberty"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Anjumanara Anver","family":"Omar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Nyaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy N Wainaina","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"92_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen M, Erica A. Eugster. Central Precocious Puberty: Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Paediatr Drugs. 2015; 17(4): 273\u2013281. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40272-015-0130-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-015-0130-8"},{"key":"92_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1159\/000501336","volume":"91","author":"KB Krishna","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krishna KB, Fuqua JS, Rogol AD, Karen O, Klein, JadrankaPopovic CP, Houk, EvangeliaCharmandari PA. Lee. Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Horm Res Paediatr. 2019;91:357\u201372. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501336.","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"92_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.2212","volume":"8","author":"A \u00dclk\u00fcG\u00fcl","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00dclk\u00fcG\u00fcl A, Ka\u00e7arBayram M, Kendirci. NihalHatipo\u011flu, DenizOkdemir, HakanG\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, SelimKurto\u011flu. PseudotumourCerebri Presentation in a Child Under the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Treatment. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016;8(3):365\u20137. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.2212.","journal-title":"J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol"},{"key":"92_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-9570.1000444","volume":"6","author":"Renato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Renato, AntunesSchiaveGermano. Ruth Rocha Franco, SandroMatas and FredericoCasteloMoura. PseudotumorCerebri Associated with Leuprolide Acetate for Central Precocious Puberty-Case Report. J ClinExpOphthalmol. 2015;6:3. DOI:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2155-9570.1000444.","journal-title":"J ClinExpOphthalmol"},{"key":"92_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02942809","volume":"165","author":"JH Boot","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boot JH. Pseudotumourcerebri as a side effect of leuprorelin acetate. Ir J Med Sci. 1996;165:60.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"92_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-08-0814","volume":"159","author":"D Mul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mul D, Hughes IA. The use of GnRH agonists in precocious puberty. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"92_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2012.09.008","volume":"86","author":"V Conteduca","year":"2013","unstructured":"Conteduca V, Di Lorenzo G, Tartarone A, Aieta M. The cardiovascular risk of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists in men with prostate cancer: an unresolved controversy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013;86:42\u201351. Epub 2012 Oct 23.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"92_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galgano MA, Deshaies EM. An update on the management of pseudotumorcerebri. ClinNeurolNeurosurg. 2013 Mar;115(3):252\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.11.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2012.11.018"},{"issue":"6","key":"92_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.08.008","volume":"35","author":"H Per","year":"2013","unstructured":"Per H, Canpolat M, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f H, Poyrazo\u011flu HG, Y\u0131k\u0131lmaz A, Karak\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck S, et al. Clinical spectrum of the pseudotumorcerebri in children: etiological, clinical features, treatment and prognosis. Brain Dev. 2013;35(6):561\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.08.008.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"92_CR10","unstructured":"Gabriela G. M. Balbi, Sandro L. Matas, Claudio A. Len, Melissa M. Fraga, Iggor O. Sousa, Maria Teresa Terreri. Pseudotumorcerebri in childhood and adolescence: data from a specialized service. 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