{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T17:46:36Z","timestamp":1778694396706,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T10:53:33Z","timestamp":1564743213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Time-related changes in quality of life in persons with lower limb amputation or spinal cord injury: protocol for a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Rouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6701-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L. J.","family":"Bilzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1108_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101270","volume":"40","author":"A Cavigelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cavigelli A, Fischer R, Dietz V. Socio-economic outcome of paraplegia compared to lower limb amputation. Spinal Cord. 2002;40(4):174\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.sc.3101270\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1348\/135910707X197046","volume":"12","author":"C Pollard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pollard C, Kennedy P. A longitudinal analysis of emotional impact, coping strategies and post-traumatic psychological growth following spinal cord injury: a 10-year review. Br J Health Psychol. 2007;12(3):347\u201362. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/135910707X197046\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2004-19203","volume":"19","author":"S Charlifue","year":"2004","unstructured":"Charlifue S, Gerhart K. Community integration in spinal cord injury of long duration. NeuroRehabilitation. 2004;19(2):91\u2013101 \n                    https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/articles\/neurorehabilitation\/nre00219\n                    \n                  . Accessed 31 Jan 2018.","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation."},{"issue":"4","key":"1108_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80265-8","volume":"7","author":"JP Pell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pell JP, Donnan PT, Fowkes FG, Ruckley CV. Quality of life following lower limb amputation for peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1993;7(4):448\u201351 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8359304\n                    \n                  . Accessed 31 Jan 2018.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1962","volume":"47","author":"S Dunne","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dunne S, Coffey L, Gallagher P, Desmond D, Ryall N. Beyond function: using assistive technologies following lower limb loss. J Rehabil Med. 2015;47(6):561\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-1962\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1108_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-012-1493-4","volume":"36","author":"MA Nunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nunes MA, de Barros N, Miranda F, Baptista-Silva JC. Common mental disorders in patients undergoing lower limb amputation: a population-based sample. World J Surg. 2012;36(5):1011\u20135. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-012-1493-4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"14\u201315","key":"1108_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001708869","volume":"26","author":"O Horgan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horgan O, Maclachlan M. Psychosocial adjustment to lower-limb amputation : a review psychosocial adjustment to lower-limb amputation : a review. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(14\u201315):837\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280410001708869\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.016","volume":"96","author":"R Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams R, Murray A. Prevalence of depression after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(1):133\u201340. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.016\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.029","volume":"95","author":"N Hartoonian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartoonian N, Hoffman JM, Kalpakjian CZ, Taylor HB, Krause JK, Bombardier CH. Evaluating a spinal cord injury-specific model of depression and quality of life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(3):455\u201365. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.10.029\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1108_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.11.003","volume":"37","author":"K Assimakopoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Assimakopoulos K, Giannakopoulou F, Karaivazoglou K, Iconomou G, Mantzaroglou C, Argyriou AA. Changes in psychosocial status after lower limb amputation in a patient with severe neuropathic pain because of Maffucci\u2019s syndrome. J Pain Symptom Manag. 2009;37(4):e9\u2013e12. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2008.11.003\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.27461","volume":"83","author":"RD Hoffman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hoffman RD, Saltzman CL, Buckwalter JA. Outcome of lower extremity malignancy survivors treated with transfemoral amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(2):177\u201382. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2002.27461\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/J.DHJO.2016.02.002","volume":"9","author":"AE Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith AE, Molton IR, Jensen MP. Self-reported incidence and age of onset of chronic comorbid medical conditions in adults aging with long-term physical disability. Disabil Health J. 2016;9(3):533\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.DHJO.2016.02.002\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/phm.0b013e31821f70bc","volume":"91","author":"SL Groah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Groah SL, Charlifue S, Tate D, et al. Spinal cord injury and aging: challenges and recommendations for future research. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;91(1):80\u201393. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/phm.0b013e31821f70bc\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"1108_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00601-8","volume":"82","author":"M Modan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Modan M, Peles E, Halkin H, et al. Increased cardiovascular disease mortality rates in traumatic lower limb amputees. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82(10):1242\u20137 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9832102\n                    \n                  . Accessed 8 Feb 2018.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"June 2003","key":"1108_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101729.A","volume":"43","author":"E Garshick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garshick E, Kelley A. A prospective assessment of mortality in chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2005;43(June 2003):408\u201316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.sc.3101729.A\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31802f0247","volume":"86","author":"J Myers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myers J, Lee M, Kiratli J. Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury: an overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;86(2):142\u201352. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31802f0247\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"1108_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.07.005","volume":"42","author":"JG Penn-Barwell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Penn-Barwell JG. Outcomes in lower limb amputation following trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2011;42(12):1474\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2011.07.005\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"1108_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1992.135","volume":"30","author":"L A Cushman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cushman A, Hassett J. Spinal cord injury: 10 and 15 years after. Paraplegia. 1992;30:690\u20136.\u00a0\n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.1992.135\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.5582\/irdr.2016.01017","volume":"5","author":"M-C Rousseau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rousseau M-C, Baumstarck K, Billette de Villemeur T, Auquier P. Evaluation of quality of life in individuals with severe chronic motor disability: a major challenge. Intractable Rare Dis Res. 2016;5(2):83\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5582\/irdr.2016.01017\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Intractable Rare Dis Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1146","volume":"45","author":"LV Fortington","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fortington LV, Dijkstra PU, Bosmans JC, Post WJ, Geertzen JHB. Change in health-related quality of life in the first 18 months after lower limb amputation: a prospective, longitudinal study. J Rehabil Med. 2013;45(6):587\u201394. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-1146\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1108_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90076-X","volume":"80","author":"MPJM Dijkers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dijkers MPJM. Correlates of life satisfaction among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80(8):867\u201376. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90076-X\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPT.0000282246.08288.67","volume":"29","author":"M Post","year":"2005","unstructured":"Post M, Noreau L. Quality of life after spinal cord injury. J Neurol Phys Ther. 2005;29(3):139\u201346. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.NPT.0000282246.08288.67\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR23","first-page":"548","volume":"73","author":"SJ Nissen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nissen SJ, Newman WP. Factors influencing reintegration to normal living after amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992;73(6):548\u201351 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1622303\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Feb 2018.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1108_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280802356419","volume":"31","author":"SJ Ackerley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ackerley SJ, Gordon HJ, Elston AF, Crawford LM, McPherson KM. Assessment of quality of life and participation within an outpatient rehabilitation setting. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(11):906\u201313. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280802356419\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"1108_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1053\/APMR.2003.50241","volume":"84","author":"MP Dijkers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dijkers MP. Individualization in quality of life measurement: instruments and approaches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003;84:S3\u2013S14. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/APMR.2003.50241\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1108_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/096382800413961","volume":"22","author":"MJ Fuhrer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fuhrer MJ. Subjectifying quality of life as a medical rehabilitation outcome. Disabil Rehabil. 2000;22(11):481\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/096382800413961\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"1108_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.6.AOSPINE1252","volume":"17","author":"M Boakye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boakye M, Leigh BC, Skelly AC. Quality of life in persons with spinal cord injury: comparisons with other populations. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;17(1 Suppl):29\u201337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2012.6.AOSPINE1252\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1267085","volume":"2","author":"JR Wilson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wilson JR, Hashimoto RE, Dettori JR, Fehlings MG. Spinal cord injury and quality of life: a systematic review of outcome measures. Evid Based Spine Care J. 2011;2(1):37\u201344. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1267085\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Evid Based Spine Care J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.164","volume":"48","author":"MR Hill","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hill MR, Noonan VK, Sakakibara BM, Miller WC, Team SR. Quality of life instruments and definitions in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2010;48(6):438\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2009.164\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"11","key":"1108_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.514646","volume":"33","author":"R Sinha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinha R, Wim JA. A systematic literature review of quality of life in lower limb amputees. Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(11):883\u201399. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638288.2010.514646\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"55 11","key":"1108_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1590\/S1679-45082014RW2591","volume":"12","author":"RL Aquarone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aquarone RL, Faro ACME. Scales on Quality of Life in patients with spinal cord injury: integrative review. Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo). 2014;12(55 11):245\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1679-45082014RW2591\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Einstein (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/01.phm.0000247780.64373.0e","volume":"86","author":"M-R Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin M-R, Hwang H-F, Chen C-Y, Chiu W-T. Comparisons of the brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life and Short Form-36 for persons with spinal cord injuries. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;86(2):104\u201313. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.phm.0000247780.64373.0e\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"0897\u20137151 (Prin","key":"1108_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008-0764","volume":"1367","author":"JC Furlan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Furlan JC, Kattail D, Fehlings M. The impact of co-morbidities on age-related differences in mortality after acute traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2009;1367(0897\u20137151 (Print)):1361\u20137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2008-0764\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.03.024","volume":"46","author":"LV Fortington","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fortington LV, Geertzen JHB, van Netten JJ, Postema K, Rommers GM, Dijkstra PU. Short and Long term mortality rates after a lower limb amputation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2013;46(1):124\u201331. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejvs.2013.03.024\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005","volume":"89","author":"K Ziegler-Graham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ziegler-Graham K, MacKenzie E, Ephraim P, Travison T, Brookmeyer R. Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89(3):422\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1108_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S68889","volume":"6","author":"A Singh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singh A, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Nouri A, Fehlings MG. Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:309\u201331. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S68889\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1108_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03279.x","volume":"28","author":"PW Moxey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moxey PW, Gogalniceanu P, Hinchliffe RJ, et al. Lower extremity amputations - a review of global variability in incidence. Diabet Med. 2011;28(10):1144\u201353. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03279.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01344.x","volume":"87","author":"Group TGLEAS","year":"2000","unstructured":"Group TGLEAS. Epidemiology of lower extremity amputation in centres in Europe, North America and East Asia. Br J Surg. 2000;87(3):328. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2168.2000.01344.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1108_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.04.022","volume":"87","author":"DJ Strauss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strauss DJ, DeVivo MJ, Paculdo DR, Shavelle RM. Trends in life expectancy after spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(8):1079\u201385. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2006.04.022\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1108_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.003","volume":"96","author":"RM Shavelle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shavelle RM, Devivo MJ, Brooks JC, Strauss DJ, Paculdo DR. Improvements in long-term survival after spinal cord injury? Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(4):645\u201351. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.003\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.018","volume":"86","author":"PJ O\u2019Connor","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor PJ. Survival after spinal cord injury in Australia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(1):37\u201347. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.03.018\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1159\/000279335","volume":"34","author":"MEL Van Den Berg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Den Berg MEL, Castellote JM, Mahillo-Fernandez I, De Pedro-Cuesta J. Incidence of spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology. 2010;34(3):184\u201392. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000279335\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 1","key":"1108_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.2244","volume":"28","author":"F Game","year":"2012","unstructured":"Game F. Choosing life or limb. Improving survival in the multi-complex diabetic foot patient. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28(SUPPL. 1):97\u2013100. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.2244\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1108_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101489","volume":"41","author":"G Scivoletto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scivoletto G, Morganti B, Ditunno P, Ditunno JF, Molinari M. Effects on age on spinal cord lesion patients\u2019 rehabilitation. Spinal Cord. 2003;41(8):457\u201364. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.sc.3101489\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.014","volume":"93","author":"KJ Pershouse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pershouse KJ, Barker RN, Kendall MB, et al. Investigating changes in quality of life and function along the lifespan for people with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012;93(3):413\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.10.014\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1310\/sci2103-233","volume":"21","author":"MWM Post","year":"2015","unstructured":"Post MWM, Reinhardt JD. Participation and life satisfaction in aged people with spinal cord injury: does age at onset make a difference? Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2015;21(3):233\u201340. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1310\/sci2103-233\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1108_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110067603","volume":"24","author":"BE Leduc","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leduc BE, Lepage Y. Health-related quality of life after spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil. 2002;24(4):196\u2013202.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.3.360","volume":"48","author":"JH Ku","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ku JH. Health-related quality of life in patients with spinal cord injury: review of the short form 36-health questionnaire survey. Yonsei Med J. 2007;48(3):360\u201370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3349\/ymj.2007.48.3.360\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EJVS.2015.10.001","volume":"51","author":"JJ van Netten","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Netten JJ, Fortington LV, Hinchliffe RJ, Hijmans JM. Early post-operative mortality after major lower limb amputation: a systematic review of population and regional based studies. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2016;51(2):248\u201357. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EJVS.2015.10.001\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1108_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.03.024","volume":"96","author":"D Amtmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amtmann D, Morgan SJ, Kim J, Hafner BJ. Health-related profiles of people with lower limb loss. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(8):1474\u201383. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.03.024\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"214","key":"1108_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3109\/10582452.2013.851761","volume":"2","author":"Y Akyol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akyol Y, Tander B, Salim Goktepe A, Safaz I, Kuru O, Kenan TA. Quality of life in patients with lower limb amputation: does it affect post-amputation pain, functional status, emotional status and perception of body image? J Musculoskelet Pain. 2013;2(214):334\u201340. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/10582452.2013.851761\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Pain"},{"key":"1108_CR52","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 2011. [Updated March 2011]"},{"issue":"7","key":"1108_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.164","volume":"48","author":"M Hill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hill M, Noonan V, Sakakibara B, Miller W, Scire T, Team R. REVIEW quality of life instruments and definitions in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review. Spinal Cord. 2009;48(6):438\u201350. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2009.164\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AVSG.2013.07.011","volume":"28","author":"AT Hawkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawkins AT, Henry AJ, Crandell DM, Nguyen LL. A systematic review of functional and quality of life assessment after major lower extremity amputation. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28(3):763\u201380. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AVSG.2013.07.011\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1108_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. The WHOQOL group. Psychol Med 1998;28(3):551\u2013558. \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9626712\n                    \n                  . Accessed 6 Feb 2018.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"issue":"6","key":"1108_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care. 1992;30(6):473\u201383 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/1593914\n                    \n                  . Acceessed 6 Feb 2018.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"24","key":"1108_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00008","volume":"25","author":"John E. Ware","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ware JE. SF-36 Health Survey Update. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3130\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/insights.ovid.com\/pubmed?pmid=11124729\n                    \n                  . Accessed 6 Feb 2018.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1108_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364613489332","volume":"38","author":"R Sinha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sinha R, Van Den Heuvel WJA, Arokiasamy P. Adjustments to amputation and an artificial limb in lower limb amputees. Prosthetics Orthot Int. 2014;38(2):115\u201321. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0309364613489332\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","volume":"34","author":"J Ware","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996;34(3):220\u201333 \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8628042\n                    \n                  . Accessed 6 Feb 2018.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2010.00650.x","volume":"15","author":"SM Skevington","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skevington SM, Mccrate FM. Expecting a good quality of life in health: assessing people with diverse diseases and conditions using the WHOQOL-BREF. Health Expect. 2012;15(1):49\u201362. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2010.00650.x\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"19","key":"1108_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001714772","volume":"26","author":"MH Chapin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chapin MH, Miller SM, Ferrins JM, Chan F, Rubin SE. Psychometric validation of a subjective well-being measure for people with spinal cord injuries. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26(19):1135\u201342. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280410001714772\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"11","key":"1108_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.02.032","volume":"85","author":"Y Jang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jang Y, Hsieh C-L, Wang Y-H, Wu Y-H. A validity study of the WHOQOL-BREF assessment in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(11):1890\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1108_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WHOQOL Group. The development of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (the WHOQOL). Qual Life Assess Int Perspect. 1994:41\u201357. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-79123-9_4\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-79123-9_4"},{"key":"1108_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.98.2.021","volume":"257","author":"Mendeley Ltd","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mendeley Ltd. Mendeley Desktop. Sort. 2011;257:1\u201310. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3163\/1536-5050.98.2.021\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Sort"},{"key":"1108_CR66","volume-title":"Microsoft Excel for Mac","author":"Microsoft","year":"2017","unstructured":"Microsoft. Microsoft Excel for Mac. 2017."},{"key":"1108_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J. A coefficient of agreeement for nominal scales. Educ Psychol Meas. 1960;20:37\u201346.","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1108_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-77","volume":"3","author":"L Long","year":"2014","unstructured":"Long L. Routine piloting in systematic reviews--a modified approach? Syst Rev. 2014;3:77. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2046-4053-3-77\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1108_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","volume":"36","author":"W Viechtbauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viechtbauer W. Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. J Stat Softw. 2010;36(3):1\u201348. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v036.i03\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"1108_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","volume":"41","author":"WG Hopkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, Hanin J. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3\u201312. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1108_CR71","unstructured":"Health NI of. NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. \n                    https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-pro\/guidelines\/in-develop\/cardiovascular-risk-reduction\/tools\/cohort\n                    \n                  . Published 2014."}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]],"date-time":"2020-08-01T08:54:45Z","timestamp":1596272085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-019-1108-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"191"}}