{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:44:03Z","timestamp":1780541043962,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders among an estimated 25.6 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The depression rate is higher in HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men (MSM) regardless of their sexual orientation, identity or romantic attraction. This is due to various types of stigma including HIV-related stigma, social stigma, self-stigma and mental health stigma. Opportunistic infections, unemployment, poverty and food insecurity also predispose HIV-seropositive MSM to depression. Moreover, depression in heterosexual and sexual minority groups challenges and additionally burdens SSA health care systems due to inadequate economic developments, lack of mental health professionals who specialise in the treatment of depression, few MSM-centred facilities, inadequate mental health infrastructure (hospitals and clinics) and complimentary resources. Although studies have highlighted links between mental health disorder, an HIV diagnosis and sexual minority groups, there is limited research that focusses on depression and its causal factors in MSM living with HIV in SSA. Hence, the relevance of conducting this scoping review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review guided by Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework, the enhancements and recommendations of Levac, Colquhoun and O\u2019Brien, Daudt and associates and the 2015 Johanna Briggs Institute\u2019s guidelines will be conducted. Systematic electronic searches of databases and search engines such as Google, Google Scholar, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (Ovid), and PsycInfo (Ovid) will be conducted to attain published peer-reviewed articles of all study designs. Grey literature will be sourced from media and conference abstracts and reports, governmental reports and unpublished dissertations and theses. Additionally, websites of humanitarian organisations and other relevant departmental websites will also be searched. Literature published between 2010 and 2020 that meets the review\u2019s inclusion criteria, research question and sub-question will be included in this review. All the retrieved literature will be exported to an Endnote X9.2 library after duplicates have been removed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We anticipate mapping relevant literature on depression and the causal factors in HIV-seropositive MSM living in SSA. Once analysed and summarised, the data will be useful in identifying literature gaps, informing systematic reviews and future research. The findings could also assist in depression and sexuality dialogues, and awareness campaigns that address mental health issues, stigma and discrimination among this key population living in SSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T04:31:13Z","timestamp":1612758673000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mapping evidence of depression in HIV-seropositive MSM in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1225-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delarise M.","family":"Mulqueeny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senzelokuhle M.","family":"Nkabini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manduleli H.","family":"Pokiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181960","volume":"12","author":"C Bernard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernard C, Dabis F, De Rekeneire N. Prevalence and factors associated with depression in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2017;12(8):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0181960.","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"1604_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103414","volume":"17","author":"R Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo R, Silenzio VMB, Huang Y, Chen X, Luo D. The disparities in mental health between gay and bisexual men following positive HIV diagnosis in China: a one-year follow-up study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(10):3414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17103414 PMID: 32422918; PMCID: PMC7277388.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"1604_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JAA.0000657208.70820.ab","volume":"33","author":"FR Giannelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giannelli FR. Major depressive disorder. J Am Acad Physician Assistants. 2020;33(4):19\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.JAA.0000657208.70820.ab.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Physician Assistants."},{"issue":"10","key":"1604_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101772","volume":"16","author":"BX Tran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tran BX, Ho R, Ho C, Latkin CA, Phan HT, Ha GH, Vu GT, Ying J, Zhang M. Depression among Patients with HIV\/AIDS: Research Development and Effective Interventions (GAPRESEARCH). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(10):1772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16101772.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"1604_CR5","unstructured":"UNAIDS. A technical brief: HIV and young men who have sex with men. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/2015_young_men_sex_with_men_en.pdf. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR6","unstructured":"UNAIDS. AIDS info. HIV and AIDS in West and Central Africa overview. [Internet] 2019. Available from: http:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR7","unstructured":"UNAIDS. AIDS info. HIV and AIDS in East and Southern Africa regional overview. [Internet] 2019. Available from: http:\/\/aidsinfo.unaids.org\/. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR8","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Key Populations. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/topic\/key-populations. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.26096","volume":"8","author":"MW Ross","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ross MW, Nyoni J, Larsson M, Mbwambo J, Agardh A, Kashiha J, McCurdy SA. Health care in a homophobic climate: the SPEND model for providing sexual health services to men who have sex with men where their health and human rights are compromised. Global health Action. 2015;8(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/gha.v8.26096.","journal-title":"Global health Action."},{"key":"1604_CR10","unstructured":"Matthews A. Gay rights in Africa: \u201cone step forwards, one step back\u201d. [Internet] 2019 February 21. Available from: https:\/\/www.businesslive.co.za\/fm\/features\/africa\/2019-02-21-the-rise-of-religious-extremism-and-homophobia-in-north-africa\/. Accessed 3 July 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-017-0124-4","volume":"17","author":"A M\u00fcller","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00fcller A. Scrambling for access: availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of healthcare for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in South Africa. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2017;17(1):16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12914-017-0124-4 PMID: 28558693; PMCID: PMC5450393.","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21371","volume":"20","author":"JE Haberer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haberer JE, Sabin L, Amico KR, Orrell C, Gal\u00e1rraga O, Tsai AC, Vreeman RC, Wilson I, Sam-Agudu NA, Blaschke TF, Vrijens B, Mellins CA, Remien RH, Weiser SD, Lowenthal E, Stirratt MJ, Sow PS, Thomas B, Ford N, Mills E, Lester R, Nachega JB, Bwana BM, Ssewamala F, Mbuagbaw L, Munderi P, Geng E, Bangsberg DR. Improving antiretroviral therapy adherence in resource-limited settings at scale: a discussion of interventions and recommendations. J Int AIDS Soc. 2017;20(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7448\/IAS.20.1.21371.","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"1604_CR13","unstructured":"WHO. Mental health atlas-2017 country profiles. [Internet] 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/evidence\/atlas\/profiles-2017\/en\/. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"E Browne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Browne E. Gender norms, LGBTQI issues and development: a topic guide. ALIGN. 2019;10:1\u201334 Available from: http:\/\/sro.sussex.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/82180\/1\/ALIGN%20gender_norms_and_lgbtqi_issues.pdf.","journal-title":"ALIGN."},{"issue":"4","key":"1604_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988316685492","volume":"11","author":"C Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee C, Oliffe JL, Kelly MT, Ferlatte O. Depression and suicidality in gay men: implications for health care providers. Am J Mens Health. 2017;11(4):910\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988316685492.","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"1604_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.7334","volume":"3","author":"S Stahlman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stahlman S, Hargreaves JR, Sprague L, Stangl AL, Baral SD. Measuring sexual behavior stigma to inform effective HIV prevention and treatment programs for key populations. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017;3(2):e23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/publichealth.7334.","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"issue":"5","key":"1604_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","volume":"129","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer IH. Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull. 2003;129(5):674\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"1604_CR18","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Thematic segment: Mental health and HIV\/AIDS- Promoting human rights, an integrated and person-centered approach to improving art adherence, well-being and quality of life. [Internet] 2018 December 11-13. Available from: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/sites\/default\/files\/media_asset\/20181203_UNAIDS_PCB43_BN_thematic-segment-mental-health-and-HIV_EN.pdf. Accessed 3 Aug 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-020-00291-2","volume":"17","author":"G Ayano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ayano G, Tsegay L, Solomon M. Food insecurity and the risk of depression in people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Res Ther. 2020;17:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-020-00291-2.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"1604_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227","volume":"33","author":"RH Remien","year":"2019","unstructured":"Remien RH, Stirratt MJ, Nguyen N, Robbins RN, Pala AN, Mellins CA. Mental health and HIV\/AIDS: the need for an integrated response. AIDS. 2019;33(9):1411\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002227 PMID: 30950883; PMCID: PMC6635049.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1604_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S214","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq045","volume":"52 Suppl 2","author":"KA Christopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christopoulos KA, Das M, Colfax GN. Linkage and retention in HIV care among men who have sex with men in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S214\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciq045.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1604_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-016-0154-z","volume":"4","author":"A Lyons","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lyons A, Heywood W, Rozbroj T. Psychosocial factors associated with flourishing among Australian HIV-positive gay men. BMC Psychol. 2016;4:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40359-016-0154-z.","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"issue":"0 3","key":"1604_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S251","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000846","volume":"29 Suppl 3","author":"AM Secor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Secor AM, Wahome E, Micheni M, et al. Depression, substance abuse and stigma among men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya. AIDS. 2015;29 Suppl 3(0 3):S251\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000846.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1604_CR24","unstructured":"United Nations - Economic and Social Council. Special edition: Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. [Internet] 2019 May 08. Available from: https:\/\/undocs.org\/E\/2019\/68. Accessed 8 May 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR25","unstructured":"WHO. Engaging young people for health and sustainable development. [Internet] 2018. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274368\/9789241514576-eng.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR26","unstructured":"WHO. Gender, Equity & Human Rights (GER). [Internet] 2017 March 29. Available from: http:\/\/www.20170329-health-and-sexual-diversity-faq.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Smit PJ, Brady M, Carter M, Fernandes R, Lamore L, Meulbroek M, Ohayon M, Platteau T, Rehberg P, J\u00fcrgen K. Rockstroh JK, Thompson M. HIV-related stigma within communities of gay men: a literature review. AIDS Care. 2012; 24(4): 405-412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2011.613910.","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.613910"},{"issue":"8","key":"1604_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1324-y","volume":"20","author":"W Heywood","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heywood W, Lyons A. HIV and elevated mental health problems: diagnostic, treatment, and risk patterns for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a national community-based cohort of gay men living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(8):1632\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-016-1324-y.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"1604_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2011.579990","volume":"16","author":"L Sherr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sherr L, Clucas C, Harding R, Sibley E, Catalan J. HIV and depression\u2013a systematic review of interventions. Psychol Health Med. 2011;16(5):493\u2013527.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1604_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czw169","volume":"32","author":"FL Chuah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chuah FL, Haldane VE, Cervero-Liceras F, Ong SE, Sigfrid LA, Murphy G, Watt N, Balabanova D, Hogarth S, Maimaris W, Otero L. Interventions and approaches to integrating HIV and mental health services: a systematic review. Health Policy Plann. 2017;32(4):27\u201347.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plann."},{"issue":"2","key":"1604_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.25159\/1812-6371\/2791","volume":"12","author":"F Slaven","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slaven F, Cameron D. HIV and depression: a scoping review of the South African literature. New Voices Psychol. 2016;12(2):21\u201338.","journal-title":"New Voices Psychol."},{"key":"1604_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-244","volume":"12","author":"M Pappin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pappin M, Wouters E, Booysen FL. Anxiety and depression amongst patients enrolled in a public sector antiretroviral treatment programme in South Africa: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-244.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"1604_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9857-y","volume":"15","author":"SM Markowitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Markowitz SM, O\u2019Cleirigh C, Hendriksen ES, Bullis JR, Stein M, Safren SA. Childhood sexual abuse and health risk behaviors in patients with HIV and a history of injection drug use. AIDS Behav. 2011;15(7):1554\u201360.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"1604_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x","volume":"18","author":"Z Munn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munn Z, Peters M, Stern C, Tufanaru C, McArthur A, Aromataris E. Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18:143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-xPubMed.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1604_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.01.005","volume":"109","author":"L Nyanchokaa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nyanchokaa L, Tudur-Smith C, Thua VN, Iversenc V, Tricco AC, Porchera R. A scoping review describes methods used to identify, prioritize and display gaps in health research. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019;109(5):99\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.01.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","volume":"8","author":"H Arksey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey H, O\u2019Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-5-69","volume":"5","author":"D Levac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Levac D, Colquhoun H, O'Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1):69.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1604_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Daudt HM, van Mossel C, Scott SJ. Enhancing the scoping study methodology: a large, inter-professional team\u2019s experience with Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-48.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-48"},{"key":"1604_CR39","volume-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\u2019 Manual: 2015 Edition, methodology for JBI scoping reviews","author":"Joanna Briggs Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joanna Briggs Institute. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\u2019 Manual: 2015 Edition, methodology for JBI scoping reviews. 2015."},{"issue":"7","key":"1604_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, Moher D, Peters MDJ, Horsley T, Weeks L, Hempel S, Akl EA, Chang C, McGowan J, Stewart L, Hartling L, Aldcroft A, Wilson MG, Garritty C, Lewin S, Godfrey CM, Macdonald MT, Langlois EV, Soares-Weiser K, Moriarty J, Clifford T, Tun\u00e7alp \u00d6, Straus SE. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0850 Epub 2018 Sep 4.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols [PRISMA-P] 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"1604_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0191-y","volume":"5","author":"D Moher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moher D, Stewart L, Shekelle P. Implementing PRISMA-P: recommendations for prospective authors. Syst Rev. 2016;5:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0191-y.","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"1604_CR43","first-page":"349","volume":"g7647","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA, the PRISMA-P Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;g7647:349.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1604_CR44","unstructured":"Kampala LT. What is sub-Saharan Africa? [Internet] 2019 March 07. Available from: https:\/\/www.economist.com\/the-economist.com\/the-economist-explains\/2019\/03\/07\/what-is-sub-saharan-africa. Accessed 1 July 2019."},{"key":"1604_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0337-y.","volume":"5","author":"J Adams","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adams J, Hillier-Brown FC, Moore HJ, Lake AA, Araujo-Soares V, White M, Summerbell C. Searching and synthesising \u2018grey literature\u2019 and \u2018grey information\u2019 in public health: critical reflections on three case studies. Systematic Reviews. 2016;5:164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0337-y.","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews."},{"issue":"2","key":"1604_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology."},{"key":"1604_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.03.003","volume":"66","author":"SE Valentine","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valentine SE, Shipherd JC. A systematic review of social stress and mental health among transgender and gender non-conforming people in the United States. Clin Psychol Rev. 2018;66:24\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.03.003 Epub 2018 Mar 28. PMID: 29627104; PMCID: PMC6663089.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/20797222.2017.1293355","volume":"17","author":"J Fry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fry J, Scammell J, Barker S. Drowning in muddied waters or swimming downstream?: A critical analysis of literature reviewing in a phenomenological study through an exploration of the lifeworld, reflexivity and role of the researcher. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology. 2017;17(1):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20797222.2017.1293355.","journal-title":"Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology."},{"key":"1604_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hong QN, F\u00e0bregues S, Bartlett G, Boardman F, Cargo M, Dagenais P, Gagnon M, Griffiths F, Nicolau B, O\u2019Cathain A, Rousseau M, Vedel I, Pluye P. The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Educ Inform. 2018;34(4):285\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/EFI-180221.","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221"},{"issue":"8","key":"1604_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1094-y","volume":"19","author":"S Stahlman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stahlman S, Grosso A, Ketende S, et al. Depression and Social Stigma Among MSM in Lesotho: Implications for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention. AIDS Behav. 2015;19(8):1460\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-015-1094-y.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"1604_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00479-w","volume":"17","author":"S Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun S, Pachankis JE, Li X, Operario D. Addressing Minority Stress and Mental Health among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in China. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep. 2020;17:35\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-019-00479-w.","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"1604_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-016-1298-9","volume":"20","author":"TC Willie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willie TC, Overstreet NM, Peasant C, Kershaw T, Sikkema KJ, Hansen NB. Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among People Living with HIV and Childhood Sexual Abuse: The Role of Shame and Posttraumatic Growth. AIDS Behav. 2016;20(8):1609\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-016-1298-9.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"1604_CR53","unstructured":"WHO. Mental Health. [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/prevention\/suicide\/suicideprevent\/en\/. Accessed 4 Aug 2019."}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T08:40:31Z","timestamp":1671093631000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01604-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}