{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:50:39Z","timestamp":1767703839189,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]],"date-time":"2021-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu Natal"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite the well-documented information on cancer prevention and management, among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), globally, cancer continues to be the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality with devastating economic consequences. The burden is disproportionately more among developing countries and the extent of evidence available on the economic consequences (direct and indirect costs) of cancer remains unknown in low-income countries particularly in the sub-Saharan region. Understanding the costs of illness is important to inform decision-making on setting up health care policies and informing economic evaluation of interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>This study aims to map evidence on the distribution of the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) associated with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of three predominant cancers: prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and will be conducted following Arksey and O\u2019Malley\u2019s framework. We will search PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL (via EBSCOhost platform), Science Direct, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Africa-Wide Information, Google Scholar, and WHO Library. We will perform hand-searching of the reference lists of included studies and other relevant documents.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We will include primary studies from all study designs reporting costs associated with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., thematic analysis) methods. A narrative summary of findings will be presented.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This review will map the extent of information available on the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Further guidance for future research in the subject area will be discussed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/q5xdf\/\">Open Science Framework<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01672-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T23:05:54Z","timestamp":1618614354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mapping evidence on the distribution of the costs associated with cancer of prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2960-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cebisile","family":"Ngcamphalala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellinor","family":"Ostensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mbuzeleni","family":"Hlongwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Themba G.","family":"Ginindza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1672_CR1","volume-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin.; 2018."},{"key":"1672_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Cancer key facts. 2017."},{"key":"1672_CR3","volume-title":"Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020","author":"WHO","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO. Global action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases 2013-2020, vol. 2013. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1672_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70472-2","volume":"14","author":"TP Kingham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kingham TP, Alatise OI, Vanderpuye V, Casper C, Abantanga FA, Kamara TB, et al. Treatment of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Oncol. 2013;14(4):e158\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70472-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70211-5","volume":"13","author":"F Bray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bray F, Jemal A, Grey N, Ferlay J, Forman D. Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008\u20132030): a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(8):790\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70211-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10071","key":"1672_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31392-7","volume":"389","author":"O Ginsburg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ginsburg O, Bray F, Coleman MP, Vanderpuye V, Eniu A, Kotha SR, et al. The global burden of women\u2019s cancers: a grand challenge in global health. 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