{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:30:29Z","timestamp":1772166629840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dyspnea with bilateral pulmonary edema is common among patients in emergency departments (EDs) or intensive care units (ICUs). For the initial management of patients with this condition, cardiopulmonary edema (CPE) must be differentiated from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in clinical settings. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are useful in distinguishing these conditions. However, current data about the use of these indexes are limited. Hence, we planned to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the accuracy of the two indexes for the diagnosis of CPE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of BNP and NT-proBNP based on the standards of the methodology of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy and the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in reporting the findings of this review. We will search PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, Embase,\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">www.ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar. Randomized controlled trials, cross-sectional studies, and observational cohort studies reporting the accuracy in diagnosing CPE among adult patients with dyspnea and bilateral pulmonary edema will be included in the analysis. There will be no limits regarding language and publication date for this review. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, extract data, evaluate for quality and bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2), and use Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation to summarize the strength of body of evidence. Then, a meta-analysis will be performed, and different statistical methods will be used to investigate heterogeneity among studies. A subgroup analysis of elderly patients with left ventricular dysfunction or chronic renal dysfunction will be performed. In the meta-analysis, a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic model or a bivariate model will be used in each index test, as appropriate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of BNP and NT-proBNP for the diagnosis of CPE will be conducted. The result of this study can help clinicians to identify an appropriate initial treatment for patients with acute respiratory failure, including those with ARDS and CPE. To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first comprehensive systematic review focusing on ARDS management in a specific population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PROSPERO ID\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020201576\">CRD42020201576<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:02:26Z","timestamp":1639602146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the use of brain natriuretic peptide and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide levels in the diagnosis of cardiopulmonary edema in acute respiratory failure"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takero","family":"Terayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Anan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Okamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yohei","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"23","key":"1869_CR1","first-page":"2526","volume":"307","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. Jama. 2012;307(23):2526\u201333.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"16","key":"1869_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","volume":"353","author":"GD Rubenfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Peabody E, Weaver J, Martin DP, Neff M, et al. Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(16):1685\u201393.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"1869_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp052699","volume":"353","author":"LB Ware","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ware LB, Matthay MA. Clinical practice. Acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(26):2788\u201396.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(01)00200-8","volume":"4","author":"CT Lien","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lien CT, Gillespie ND, Struthers AD, McMurdo ME. Heart failure in frail elderly patients: diagnostic difficulties, co-morbidities, polypharmacy and treatment dilemmas. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002;4(1):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"2","key":"1869_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfn013","volume":"11","author":"NM Hawkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hawkins NM, Petrie MC, Jhund PS, Chalmers GW, Dunn FG, McMurray JJ. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pitfalls and epidemiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(2):130\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"13","key":"1869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.13.1664","volume":"294","author":"MR Shah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shah MR, Hasselblad V, Stevenson LW, Binanay C, O\u2019Connor CM, Sopko G, et al. Impact of the pulmonary artery catheter in critically ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Jama. 2005;294(13):1664\u201370.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)90066-4","volume":"67","author":"A Fein","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fein A, Grossman RF, Jones JG, Overland E, Pitts L, Murray JF, et al. The value of edema fluid protein measurement in patients with pulmonary edema. Am J Med. 1979;67(1):32\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.5.879","volume":"144","author":"EN Milne","year":"1985","unstructured":"Milne EN, Pistolesi M, Miniati M, Giuntini C. The radiologic distinction of cardiogenic and noncardiogenic edema. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144(5):879\u201394.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.1.3380985","volume":"168","author":"DR Aberle","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aberle DR, Wiener-Kronish JP, Webb WR, Matthay MA. Hydrostatic versus increased permeability pulmonary edema: diagnosis based on radiographic criteria in critically ill patients. Radiology. 1988;168(1):73\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"17","key":"1869_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80773-5","volume":"75","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nagueh SF, Kopelen HA, Zoghbi WA. Feasibility and accuracy of Doppler echocardiographic estimation of pulmonary artery occlusive pressure in the intensive care unit. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(17):1256\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-83","volume":"12","author":"K Komiya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Komiya K, Ishii H, Teramoto S, Takahashi O, Eshima N, Yamaguchi O, et al. Diagnostic utility of C-reactive protein combined with brain natriuretic peptide in acute pulmonary edema: a cross sectional study. Respir Res. 2011;12(1):83.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R3","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6764","volume":"12","author":"JE Levitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levitt JE, Vinayak AG, Gehlbach BK, Pohlman A, Van Cleve W, Hall JB, et al. Diagnostic utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in critically ill patients with pulmonary edema: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care (London, England). 2008;12(1):R3.","journal-title":"Crit Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1809-8","volume":"21","author":"K Komiya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Komiya K, Akaba T, Kozaki Y, Kadota JI, Rubin BK. A systematic review of diagnostic methods to differentiate acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome from cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Crit Care (London, England). 2017;21(1):228.","journal-title":"Crit Care (London, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12878","volume":"23","author":"JL Martindale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martindale JL, Wakai A, Collins SP, Levy PD, Diercks D, Hiestand BC, et al. Diagnosing acute heart failure in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(3):223\u201342.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.19163","volume":"319","author":"MDF McInnes","year":"2018","unstructured":"McInnes MDF, Moher D, Thombs BD, McGrath TA, Bossuyt PM, Clifford T, et al. Preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies: the PRISMA-DTA statement. Jama. 2018;319(4):388\u201396.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"1869_CR17","unstructured":"The Cochrane Screening and Diagnostic Test Methods Group. Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook-diagnostic-test-accuracy\/PDF\/v2. Accessed 1 Aug 2020."},{"issue":"5","key":"1869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.075713","volume":"53","author":"A Clerico","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clerico A, Fontana M, Zyw L, Passino C, Emdin M. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal part of the propeptide of BNP immunoassays in chronic and acute heart failure: a systematic review. Clin Chem. 2007;53(5):813\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"1869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.08.008","volume":"29","author":"PF Kantor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kantor PF, Lougheed J, Dancea A, McGillion M, Barbosa N, Chan C, et al. Presentation, diagnosis, and medical management of heart failure in children: Canadian cardiovascular society guidelines. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(12):1535\u201352.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR20","first-page":"91","volume":"76","author":"SJ Holmes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Holmes SJ, Espiner EA, Richards AM, Yandle TG, Frampton C. Renal, endocrine, and hemodynamic effects of human brain natriuretic peptide in normal man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76(1):91\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2004.01.004","volume":"6","author":"M Vanderheyden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanderheyden M, Bartunek J, Goethals M. Brain and other natriuretic peptides: molecular aspects. Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6(3):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00079.x","volume":"67","author":"C Mueller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K, Scholer A, Nusbaumer C, Zeller T, Staub D, et al. B-type natriuretic peptide for acute dyspnea in patients with kidney disease: insights from a randomized comparison. Kidney Int. 2005;67(1):278\u201384.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.08.050","volume":"47","author":"TB Horwich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Horwich TB, Hamilton MA, Fonarow GC. B-type natriuretic peptide levels in obese patients with advanced heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(1):85\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1869_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178607","volume":"12","author":"S Bando","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bando S, Soeki T, Matsuura T, Tobiume T, Ise T, Kusunose K, et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels are elevated in patients with cancer. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178607.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"1869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq331","volume":"89","author":"S Talha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Talha S, Charloux A, Enache I, Piquard F, Geny B. Mechanisms involved in increased plasma brain natriuretic peptide after heart transplantation. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;89(2):273\u201381.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198407000-00001","volume":"12","author":"PR Eisenberg","year":"1984","unstructured":"Eisenberg PR, Jaffe AS, Schuster DP. Clinical evaluation compared to pulmonary artery catheterization in the hemodynamic assessment of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1984;12(7):549\u201353.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9484","key":"1869_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67061-4","volume":"366","author":"S Harvey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harvey S, Harrison DA, Singer M, Ashcroft J, Jones CM, Elbourne D, et al. Assessment of the clinical effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheters in management of patients in intensive care (PAC-man): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England). 2005;366(9484):472\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021108","volume":"348","author":"JD Sandham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sandham JD, Hull RD, Brant RF, Knox L, Pineo GF, Doig CJ, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(1):5\u201314.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1869_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. Grade: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39500.677199.AE","volume":"336","author":"HJ Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Sch\u00fcnemann AHJ, Oxman AD, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. BMJ. 2008;336:1106\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39500.677199.AE.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"1869_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(03)00177-X","volume":"56","author":"AS Glas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glas AS, Lijmer JG, Prins MH, Bonsel GJ, Bossuyt PM. The diagnostic odds ratio: a single indicator of test performance. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003;56(11):1129\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1869_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-2-9","volume":"2","author":"WL Devill\u00e9","year":"2002","unstructured":"Devill\u00e9 WL, Buntinx F, Bouter LM, Montori VM, de Vet HC, van der Windt DA, et al. Conducting systematic reviews of diagnostic studies: didactic guidelines. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2002;2:9.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1869_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142779","volume":"277","author":"MD McInnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"McInnes MD, Bossuyt PM. Pitfalls of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in imaging research. Radiology. 2015;277(1):13\u201321.","journal-title":"Radiology"}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:06:17Z","timestamp":1639602377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01869-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-52602\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"314"}}