{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1788459909852,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Calcaneus is the largest bone of the foot and the most frequent tarsal bone to be fractured. Overall, it causes round about 10 cases per 100,000 residents per year mainly in men. Especially displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures often have early and late complications and its associated disability. There are various strategies for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures, but the gold standard is still subject of a long-standing controversy. Minimally invasive procedures became more common in an attempt to reduce the high rate of complications associated with open reduction and internal fixation. With the increase in minimally invasive techniques, screw fixation also gained in significance. The current literature does not sufficiently elucidate whether the screw fixation is superior to other treatment options especially in relation to adverse events, health-related quality of life and postoperative pain. This study aims to investigate benefits and harms of treating displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (types II, III and IV according to Sanders) with screw fixation in adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A systematic review will be conducted based on the principles described in the Cochrane Handbook. We will include adults with displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures of Sanders type II, III and IV. The surgical method of screw fixation shall be compared to other surgical interventions to stabilise calcaneus fractures. Primary outcomes are serious adverse events, health-related quality of life and postoperative pain level. MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science and bibnet.org, ClinicalTrial.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTR) will be searched. Screening and data extraction will be performed by two authors independently. A third author will arbitrate disputes. Risk of Bias will be assessed with the Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis will be performed if participants, interventions, comparisons and outcomes are sufficiently similar to ensure a result that is clinically meaningful.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Due to the increasing use of minimally invasive techniques and the increasing use of screw fixation instead of open reduction and plate fixation, it is important to analyse the benefits and harms of screw fixation for calcaneus fractures. Screw fixation could, in the future, help to operate in a less invasive and tissue preserving manner while still achieving an adequate functional result for the patient<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CRD42021244695<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T17:02:42Z","timestamp":1662915762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Screw fixation in the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures: a systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Wilmsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-3747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Neubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Windolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Icks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Thelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2049_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2009.05.001","volume":"19","author":"MJ Mitchell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitchell MJ, McKinley JC, Robinson CM. The epidemiology of calcaneal fractures. Foot. 2009;19(4):197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"8","key":"2049_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01475","volume":"91","author":"MQ Potter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Potter MQ, Nunley JA. Long-term functional outcomes after operative treatment for intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009;91(8):1854\u201360.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"2049_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640016668030","volume":"9","author":"C Koutserimpas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koutserimpas C, Magarakis G, Kastanis G, Kontakis G, Alpantaki K. Complications of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in adults: key points for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Foot Ankle Spec. 2016;9(6):534\u201342.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec"},{"key":"2049_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10040-1006","volume":"1","author":"G Volpin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Volpin G, Cohen Z, Kirshner G, Shtarker H. Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: current concepts and modern management. J Foot Ankle Surg (AsiaPacific). 2014;1:24\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10040-1006.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg (AsiaPacific)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2049_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1493-2","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li J, Liu S, Chen W, Wang L, Zhang X, et al. Socioeconomic factors and lifestyles influencing the incidence of calcaneal fractures, a national population-based survey in China. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):423.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2049_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.13004\/kjnt.2014.10.2.70","volume":"10","author":"D Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim D, Choi HJ, Park JY, Kim KH, Kuh SU, Chin DK, et al. burst fractures as a result of attempted suicide by jumping. Korean J Neurotrauma. 2014;10(2):70\u20135.","journal-title":"Korean J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"2049_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2016.10.004","volume":"23","author":"H Haapasalo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haapasalo H, Laine HJ, M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4 H, Wretenberg P, Kannus P, Mattila VM. Epidemiology of calcaneal fractures in Finland. Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;23(4):321\u20134.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2049_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B2.BJJ-2018-0289.R3","volume":"101-B","author":"JA Humphrey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Humphrey JA, Woods A, Robinson A. The epidemiology and trends in the surgical management of calcaneal fractures in England between 2000 and 2017. Bone Joint J. 2019;101-B(2):140\u20136.","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2049_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200210000-00001","volume":"84","author":"R Buckley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buckley R, Tough S, McCormack R, Pate G, Leighton R, Petrie D, et al. Operative compared with nonoperative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. J Bone Joint Surg (Am Vol). 2002;84(10):1733\u201344.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg (Am Vol)"},{"issue":"15","key":"2049_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00759","volume":"95","author":"PH Agren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agren PH, Wretenberg P, Sayed-Noor AS. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter trial. J Bone Joint Surg. 2013;95(15):1351\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.L.00759.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2049_CR11","first-page":"CD008628","volume":"1","author":"J Bruce","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruce J, Sutherland A. Surgical versus conservative interventions for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;1:CD008628.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2049_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700503","volume":"17","author":"LA Crosby","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crosby LA, Fitzgibbons TC. Open reduction and internal fixation of type II intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17:253\u20138.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7969","key":"2049_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g4483","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4483","volume":"349","author":"D Griffin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Griffin D, Parsons N, Shaw E, Kulikov Y, Hutchinson C, Thorogood M, et al. Operative versus non-operative treatment for closed, displaced, intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2014;349(7969):g4483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g4483.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2049_CR14","unstructured":"R\u00fcedi TP, Buckley RE, Moran CG. In: Buckley RE, Moran CG, Apivatthakakul T, editors. AO-Prinzipien des Frakturmanagements [AO principles of fracture management]. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme; 2008. ISBN 978 3 13 129662 7."},{"key":"2049_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2181-1","volume":"38","author":"M Backes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Backes M, Schepers T, Beerekamp MSH, et al. Wound infections following open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures with an extended lateral approach. Int Orthop (SICOT). 2015;38:767\u201373.","journal-title":"Int Orthop (SICOT)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2049_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.03.044","volume":"40","author":"CM Court-Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Court-Brown CM, Schmied M, Schutte BG. Factors affecting infection after calcaneal fracture fixation. Injury. 2009;40(12):1313\u20135.","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"3","key":"2049_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-2203-z","volume":"38","author":"A Abdelazeem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abdelazeem A, Khedr A, Abousayed M, Seifeldin A, Khaled S. Management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using the limited open sinus tarsi approach and fixation by screws only technique. Int Orthop. 2014;38(3):601\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"2049_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.12.033","volume":"54","author":"PS Pastides","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pastides PS, Milnes L, Rosenfeld PF. Percutaneous arthroscopic calcaneal osteosynthesis: a minimally invasive technique for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015;54(5):798\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.12.033.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"2049_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allegra PR, Rivera S, Desai SS, Aiyer A, Kaplan J, Gross CE. Intra-articular calcaneus fractures: current concepts review. Foot Ankle Orthop. 2020;5(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2473011420927334.","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420927334"},{"issue":"3","key":"2049_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2011.07.005","volume":"18","author":"SM Abdelgaid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abdelgaid SM. Closed reduction and percutaneous cannulated screws fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Foot Ankle Surg. 2012;18(3):164\u201379.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"2049_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200008000-00029","volume":"377","author":"JA Randle","year":"2000","unstructured":"Randle JA, Kreder HJ, Stephen D, Williams J, Jaglal S, Hu R, et al. Should calcaneal fractures be treated surgically? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;377:217\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2049_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000446","volume":"30","author":"W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang W, Lin F, Chen E, Xue D, Pan Z. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Trauma. 2016;30(3):e75\u201381.","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2049_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldp030","volume":"92","author":"N Gougoulias","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gougoulias N, Khanna A, McBride DJ, Maffulli N. Management of calcaneal fractures: systematic review of randomized trials. Br Med Bull. 2009;92:153\u201367.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2049_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.08.234","volume":"34","author":"B Fan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fan B, Zhou X, Wei Z, Ren Y, Lin W, Hao Y, et al. Cannulated screw fixation and plate fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneus fracture: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2016;34:64\u201372.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2049_CR25","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al., editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3: Cochrane; 2022. Updated February 2022. Available from www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook"},{"key":"2049_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7647","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647","volume":"349","author":"L Shamseer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P): elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;349:g7647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g7647.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2049_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070402500202","volume":"25","author":"P Dooley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dooley P, Buckley R, Tough S, McCormack B, Pate G, Leighton R, et al. Bilateral calcaneal fractures: operative versus nonoperative treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(2):47\u201352.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"2049_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346","volume":"54","author":"BA Lipsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, Pile JC, Peters EJ, Armstrong DG, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(12):e132\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cis346.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2049_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2015.04.002","volume":"10","author":"J Ahmad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmad J. The diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev. 2016;10(1):48\u201360.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2049_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2018.10.005","volume":"25","author":"KE Spierings","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spierings KE, Min M, Nooijen LE, Swords MP, Schepers T. Managing the open calcaneal fracture: a systematic review. Foot Ankle Surg. 2019;25(6):707\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fas.2018.10.005.","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"2049_CR31","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation VH. Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne; 2019. Available at www.covidence.org"},{"key":"2049_CR32","volume-title":"Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4 ed","author":"The Cochrane Collaboration","year":"2020","unstructured":"The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4 ed. 2020. Available at revman.cochrane.org."},{"key":"2049_CR33","unstructured":"Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services. Data collection form. EPOC Resources for review authors: Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC); 2013."},{"key":"2049_CR34","unstructured":"Li T, Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ. Chapter 5: Collecting data. In: Higgins JPT, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2: Cochrane; 2021."},{"key":"2049_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","volume":"343","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, J\u00fcni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d5928.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2049_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch7","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"I Boutron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boutron I, Page MJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG, Lundh A, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, et al. Considering bias and conflicts of interest among the included studies. In:  Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions; 2019. p. 177\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119536604.ch7."},{"issue":"8","key":"2049_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.071761","volume":"90","author":"AK Akobeng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akobeng AK. Principles of evidence based medicine. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90(8):837\u201340.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"2049_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1230","volume":"8","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Higgins JP, Hedges LV, Rothstein HR. Basics of meta-analysis: I2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Res Synth Methods. 2017;8(1):5\u201318.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"2049_CR39","unstructured":"Chaimani A, Caldwell DM, Li T, Higgins JPT, Salanti G. Chapter 11: Undertaking network meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2: Cochrane; 2021. (updated February 2021)."},{"key":"2049_CR40","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2: Cochrane; 2021. (updated February 2021)."},{"issue":"27","key":"2049_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0456","volume":"106","author":"M Ressing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ressing M, Blettner M, Klug SJ. Systematische \u00dcbersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009;106(27):456\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2009.0456.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2049_CR42","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Li T, Deeks JJ. Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JPT, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA, editors. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.2: Cochrane; 2021. (updated February 2021)."},{"key":"2049_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2049_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d4002","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","volume":"343","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JPA, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;343:d4002.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2049_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2307\/2982993","volume":"151","author":"CB Begg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Begg CB, Berlin JA. Publication bias: a problem in interpreting medical data. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 1988;151:419\u201363.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc"},{"key":"2049_CR46","volume-title":"GRADEpro GDT: GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool","author":"McMaster University and Evidence Prime","year":"2022","unstructured":"McMaster University and Evidence Prime. GRADEpro GDT: GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool. 2022. Available from gradepro.org."}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T03:08:14Z","timestamp":1673838494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-022-02049-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2023","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Missing Open Access funding information has been added in the Funding Note.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"199"}}