{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:32:31Z","timestamp":1790620351180,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Delivery of health and care services using a combination of remote and\/or in-person channels and digital and\/or traditional tools (Hybrid Service Delivery, HSD) is increasingly seen as a way of improving quality and affordability, improving access, personalisation and sustainability, and reducing inequalities. Across the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector (VCSE), using a combination of remote and\/or in-person channels and digital and\/or traditional tools (HSD) has enabled the essential provision of services for people who have learning disabilities and\/or autistic (LDA). However, it is unclear how different tools and channels have been used, what worked well or not well, for whom, and in what circumstances. The aim of this realist review is to explore how VCSE organisations can effectively use digital technologies alongside or instead of in-person activity to provide social care services to adults with learning disabilities and\/or autism.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>This review protocol is presented in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We will conduct a participatory realist review. Following realist review methodology, and involving people with LDA and organisations who deliver services to them, we will define the scope of the review\/theory development, search for and appraise evidence, extract and synthesise findings, and develop the narrative. Using a developed strategy, electronic databases (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, SCOPUS, Social Science Citation Index and Social Policy and Practice) will be searched. A data extraction table will be used to assist in sifting, sorting and organising relevant information from identified studies. For each proposition statement, relevant data from the identified literature will be synthesised and compared with the proposed theory to develop an understanding of how, why and when hybrid delivery works in different settings with different populations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This review aims to collate and synthesise evidence relating to hybrid service delivery in VCSE organisations to provide social care services to LDA adults. By conducting a participatory realist review, we anticipate that the findings will lead to a greater understanding of contextual factors and therefore more relevant recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42024457161.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T10:39:49Z","timestamp":1735295989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Hybrid Service Delivery for voluntary, community and social enterprise organisations working with adults with learning disabilities and\/or autism: a realist review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Danielle","family":"Varley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Southby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Trigwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally SJ","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Lines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"Bagnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2019.5","volume":"43","author":"G Madhavan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madhavan G. Telepsychiatry in intellectual disability psychiatry: literature review. BJPsych Bulletin. 2019;43:167\u201373.","journal-title":"BJPsych Bulletin"},{"key":"2732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12758","volume":"33","author":"CE Oudshoorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oudshoorn CE, Frielink N, Nijs SL, Embregts PJ. eHealth in the support of people with mild intellectual disability in daily life: a systematic review. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2020;33:1166\u201387.","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"2732_CR3","volume-title":"Care and Support of People Growing Older with Learning Disabilities","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Care and Support of People Growing Older with Learning Disabilities. London: NICE; 2018."},{"key":"2732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1473-1","volume":"17","author":"M Deady","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deady M, Choi I, Calvo R, Glozier N, Christensen H, Harvey S. eHealth interventions for the prevention of depression and anxiety in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2732_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23365","volume":"23","author":"C Rauschenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rauschenberg C, Schick A, Hirjak D, Seidler A, Paetzold I, Apfelbacher C, Riedel-Heller S, Reininghaus U. Evidence synthesis of digital interventions to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public mental health: rapid meta-review. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(3): e23365.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2732_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12410","volume":"19","author":"D Chadwick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chadwick D, \u00c5gren KA, Caton S, Chiner E, Danker J, G\u00f3mez-Puerta M, Heitplatz V, Johansson S, Normand CL, Murphy E, Plichta P, Strnadov\u00e1 I, Wall\u00e9n EF. Digital inclusion and participation of people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19: a rapid review and international bricolage. Journal of Policy & Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 2022;19(3):242\u201356.","journal-title":"Journal of Policy & Practice in Intellectual Disabilities"},{"key":"2732_CR7","volume-title":"Keeping connected and staying well: the role of technology in supporting people with learning disabilities during the coronavirus pandemic","author":"J Seale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seale J. Keeping connected and staying well: the role of technology in supporting people with learning disabilities during the coronavirus pandemic. Milton Keynes: The Open University; 2020."},{"key":"2732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12425","volume":"25","author":"D Reicher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reicher D. Debate: Remote learning during COVID-19 for children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Child Adolesc Mental Health. 2020;25:263\u20134.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Mental Health"},{"key":"2732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12776","volume":"64","author":"S Jeste","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeste S, Hyde C, Distefano C, Halladay A, Ray S, Porath M, Wilson R, Thurm A. Changes in access to educational and healthcare services for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities during COVID-19 restrictions. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2020;64:825\u201333.","journal-title":"J Intellect Disabil Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/bld.12400","volume":"50","author":"P Moloney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moloney P, Dobel-Ober D, Millichap S. Sound and Vision: Reflections on running a community-based group for men with learning disabilities online, during the pandemic. Br J Learn Disabil. 2021;50(3):341\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"2732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tromans S, Kinney M, Chester V, Alexander R, Roy A, Sander JW, Dudson H, Shankar R. Priority concerns for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. BJPsych Open. 2020;6(6):e128,1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.122"},{"key":"2732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selick, A, Bobbette N, Lunsky Y, Hamdani Y, Rayner J, Durbin J. Virtual health care for adult patients with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a scoping review. Disabil Health J. 2021;14(4):p101132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2021.101132"},{"key":"2732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319898331","volume":"24","author":"V Zervogianni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zervogianni V, Fletcher-Watson S, Herrera G, Goodwin M, P\u00e9rez-Fuster P, Brosnan M, Grynszpan O. A framework of evidence-based practice for digital support, co-developed with and for the autism community. Autism. 2020;24:1411\u201322.","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"2732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12926","volume":"35","author":"L Bakkum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bakkum L, Schuengel C, Sterkenburg PS, Frielink N, Embregts PJ, De Schipper JC, Ten Brug A, Tharner A. People with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities engaging in virtual social contact: a systematic review of the feasibility and effects on well-being. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2022;35:60\u201374.","journal-title":"J Appl Res Intellect Disabil"},{"key":"2732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13645570701621977","volume":"12","author":"L Gr\u00f6nvik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6nvik L. Defining disability: effects of disability concepts on research outcomes. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2009;12:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"key":"2732_CR16","volume-title":"Digital Inclusion guide for health and social care","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2019","unstructured":"Digital NHS. Digital Inclusion guide for health and social care. London: NHS Digital; 2019."},{"key":"2732_CR17","unstructured":"Walker B. All NHS GP Consultations should be online by default, says Hancock. The Guardian. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/society\/2020\/jul\/30\/all-gp-consultations-should-be-remote-by-default-says-matt-hancock-nhs [Accessed 26 April 2024]."},{"key":"2732_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/spol.12758","volume":"56","author":"T Shakespeare","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shakespeare T, Watson N, Brunner R, Cullingworth J, Hameed S, Scherer N, Pearson C, Reichenberger V. Disabled people in Britain and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Policy & Administration. 2022;56:103\u201317.","journal-title":"Social Policy & Administration"},{"key":"2732_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/09548963.2022.2048170","volume":"32","author":"M Reason","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reason M. Inclusive online community arts: COVID and beyond COVID. Cultural Trends. 2023;32:52\u201369.","journal-title":"Cultural Trends"},{"key":"2732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-205701","volume":"70","author":"J Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris J, Croot L, Thompson J, Springett J. How stakeholder participation can contribute to systematic reviews of complex interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016;70:207\u201314.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2732_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-33","volume":"7","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Mccormack B, Hutchinson AM, Decorby K, Bucknall TK, Kent B, Schultz A, Snelgrove-Clarke E, Stetler CB, Titler M. Realist synthesis: illustrating the method for implementation research. Implement Sci. 2012;7:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2732_CR22","volume-title":"Realist synthesis: an introduction","author":"R Pawson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pawson R, Greenhalgh T, Harvey G, Walshe K. Realist synthesis: an introduction. Manchester: University of Manchester; 2004."},{"issue":"3","key":"2732_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12108","volume":"32","author":"A Booth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Booth A, Carroll C. Systematic searching for theory to inform systematic reviews: is it feasible? Is it desirable? Health Information Library Journal. 2015;32(3):220\u201335.","journal-title":"Health Information Library Journal"},{"key":"2732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-118","volume":"13","author":"A Booth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Booth A, Harris J, Croot E, Springett J, Campbell F, Wilkins E. Towards a methodology for cluster searching to provide conceptual and contextual \u201crichness\u201d for systematic reviews of complex interventions: case study (CLUSTER). BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13:1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1687","volume":"348","author":"T Hoffmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoffmann T, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, Altman D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348: g1687.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, Savovi\u0107 J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, Henry D, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355: i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2732_CR28","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Qualitative Checklist. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/checklists\/casp-qualitative-studies-checklist-fillable.pdf [Accessed: 23 April 2024]."},{"key":"2732_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pearson A, Field J, Jordan Z. 2006. Appendix 2: Critical Appraisal Tools. In: Evidence-Based Clinical Practice in Nursing and Health Care (eds A. Pearson, J. Field and Z. Jordan). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444316544.app2 [Accessed 23 April 2024].","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444316544.app2"}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T11:05:17Z","timestamp":1735297517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-024-02732-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"316"}}