{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T17:54:35Z","timestamp":1794333275758,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR206120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR206120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Syst Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With growing proportions of single-person households, increasing numbers of people with dementia are living alone, challenging the still-prevalent assumption that people have an informal carer available. We aimed to characterise the research literature on people living alone with dementia and summarise what is known about their characteristics and needs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Ageline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Social Policy and Practice) were searched for English-language publications on 18\/01\/2024, without date limits. Eligible studies reported on people with dementia living alone, using any research design; reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts were excluded. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened independently. Data were extracted using structured forms and summarised narratively, grouping quantitative findings descriptively and qualitative findings thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 200 articles (162 quantitative, 38 qualitative) from 161 studies. Living alone was the primary focus in 30.5% of articles, living situation was explored in secondary comparisons or sub-group analyses in 62.5%, and noted only in describing samples in 7%. Most research (80.1%) was from Europe or North America. The first study was published in 1962 and the next in 1984, since when the annual number of publications has gradually increased. Across studies, people living alone with dementia were commonly described as older, more often female, and as experiencing significant unmet need. Reports noted variation in the extent of informal support, with some people receiving little or no support. Compared with those living with others, people living alone were often described as having less timely diagnosis, lower access to formal services, higher home care costs, and greater likelihood of moving into residential care or dying outside the home. Studies commonly reported social isolation, loneliness, and difficulties with daily living in people living alone with dementia. Family members providing support at a distance were described as receiving little assistance. Few studies examined approaches to addressing these needs or improving support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights living alone with dementia as a growing but neglected source of inequality. Practical steps are needed now to address this issue in policy, service provision, practice and research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:36:40Z","timestamp":1765424200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Living alone with dementia is a neglected source of inequality: findings from a scoping review of research evidence"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3989-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Clare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-8902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Martyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9687-7760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Caulfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8496-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura D.","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-8457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Charlwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6698-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Prina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0263-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan R.","family":"Oyebode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3002_CR1","volume-title":"Home Alone: living alone with dementia","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Society","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Society. Home Alone: living alone with dementia. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Society; 1994."},{"key":"3002_CR2","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics. People\u2019s living arrangements in England and Wales: Census. 2021.\u00a0https:\/\/www.ons.gov.uk\/peoplepopulationandcommunity\/householdcharacteristics\/homeinternetandsocialmediausage\/articles\/livingarrangementsofpeopleinenglandandwales\/census2021. Accessed 6 Oct 2025."},{"key":"3002_CR3","unstructured":"Anderson L, Washington C, Kreider RM, Gryn T. Home alone: more than a quarter of all households have one person. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/stories\/2023\/06\/more-than-a-quarter-all-households-have-one-person.html. Accessed 6 Oct 2025."},{"issue":"20","key":"3002_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20924","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.104125","volume":"12","author":"E Zafeiridi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zafeiridi E, McMichael AJ, Passmore AP, McGuinness B. Living alone for people on dementia medication: related use of drugs. Aging. 2020;12(20):20924\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/aging.104125.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"3002_CR5","unstructured":"Lepore M, Ferrell A, Wiener JM. Living arrangements of people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias: Implications for services and supports. Washington, DC: National Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers; 2017."},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.05.012","volume":"32","author":"L Clare","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clare L, Gamble LD, Martyr A, Henderson C, Knapp M, Matthews FE. Living alone with mild-to-moderate dementia over a two-year period: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL cohort. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024;32(11):1309\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.05.012.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3002_CR7","volume-title":"Providing services to individuals with dementia who live alone: a guide of practical strategies","author":"M Knowles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knowles M, Lepore M, Gould E. Providing services to individuals with dementia who live alone: a guide of practical strategies. Washington, DC: Administration on Aging\/Administration for Community Living & RTI International; 2018."},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.07.006","volume":"32","author":"E Portacolone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Portacolone E, Cohen AB. Living alone with dementia: a reality check. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024;32(11):1322\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jagp.2024.07.006.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-200638","volume":"78","author":"L Clare","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clare L, Martyr A, Henderson C, Gamble L, Matthews FE, Quinn C, et al. Living alone with mild-to-moderate dementia: findings from the IDEAL cohort. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;78(3):1207\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-200638.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-151058","volume":"52","author":"T Eichler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eichler T, Hoffmann W, Hertel J, Richter S, Wucherer D, Michalowsky B, et al. Living alone with dementia: prevalence, correlates and the utilization of health and nursing care services. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;52(2):619\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-151058.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3002_CR11","unstructured":"Clare L, Martyr A, Gamble L, Caulfield M, Charlwood C, Hulme C, et al. Living alone with a progressive neurological condition: a neglected inequality: NIHR Dementia and Neurodegeneration Policy Research Unit, University of Exeter; 2025."},{"key":"3002_CR12","unstructured":"Clare L, Martyr A, Gamble L, Caulfield M, Charlwood C, Ward J, et al. Living alone with dementia: a neglected inequality: NIHR Dementia and Neurodegeneration Policy Research Unit, University of Exeter; 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/xeb.0000000000000050","volume":"13","author":"MD Peters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters MD, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):141\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/xeb.0000000000000050.","journal-title":"Int J Evid Based Healthc"},{"issue":"7","key":"3002_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/m18-0850","volume":"169","author":"AC Tricco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O\u2019Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m18-0850.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e090146","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-090146","volume":"15","author":"A Martyr","year":"2025","unstructured":"Martyr A, Caulfield M, Charlwood C, Gamble LD, Prina M, Oyebode JR, et al. Examining the challenges of people living alone with neurodegenerative conditions: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open. 2025;15(6):e090146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-090146.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15642","volume":"67","author":"M Ganguli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ganguli M, Jia Y, Hughes TF, Snitz BE, Chang C-CH, Berman SB, et al. Mild cognitive impairment that does not progress to dementia: a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(2):232\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.15642.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161119","volume":"58","author":"P Ca\u00f1abate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1abate P, Mart\u00ednez G, Rosende-Roca M, Moreno M, Preckler S, Valero S, et al. Social representation of dementia: an analysis of 5,792 consecutive cases evaluated in a memory clinic. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;58(4):1099\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-161119.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013591","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013591","volume":"6","author":"M Knapp","year":"2016","unstructured":"Knapp M, Chua KC, Broadbent M, Chang CK, Fernandez JL, Milea D, et al. Predictors of care home and hospital admissions and their costs for older people with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: findings from a large London case register. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013591.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"3002_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.01.008","volume":"21","author":"O Janssen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janssen O, Vos SJB, Handels R, Vermunt L, Verheij R, Verhey FRJ, et al. Duration of care trajectories in persons with dementia differs according to demographic and clinical characteristics. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(8):1102-1107.e1106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.01.008.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201365","volume":"81","author":"E Schwertner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwertner E, Zelic R, Secnik J, Johansson B, Winblad B, Eriksdotter M, et al. Biting the bullet: firearm ownership in persons with dementia. A registry-based observational study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;81(1):179\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-201365.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-06891-6","volume":"21","author":"A Sm-Rahman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sm-Rahman A, Hyd\u00e9n LC, Kelfve S. Eldercare services for people with and without a dementia diagnosis: an analysis of Swedish registry data. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-06891-6.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"3002_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-021-07169-7","volume":"37","author":"L White","year":"2022","unstructured":"White L, Ingraham B, Larson E, Fishman P, Park S, Coe NB. Observational study of patient characteristics associated with a timely diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment without dementia. J Gen Intern Med. 2022;37(12):2957\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-021-07169-7.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"3002_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin Z, Qian Y, Gill TM, Hou X, Chen S, Chen X. Absence of care among community-living older persons with dementia and functional limitations: a cross-national analysis of population survey from 22 countries [Preprint]. medRxiv. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2023.10.05.23296622.","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.10.05.23296622"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0555-8","volume":"17","author":"HR Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin HR, Otsubo T, Imanaka Y. Survival analysis of increases in care needs associated with dementia and living alone among older long-term care service users in Japan. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0555-8.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18020376","volume":"18","author":"EJ Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han EJ, Lee J, Cho E, Kim H. Socioeconomic costs of dementia based on utilization of health care and long-term-care services: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18020376.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.29045\/14784726.2021.12.6.3.58","volume":"6","author":"C Lofthouse-Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lofthouse-Jones C, King P, Pocock H, Ramsay M, Jadzinski P, England E, et al. Reducing ambulance conveyance for older people with and without dementia: evidence of the role of social care from a regional, year-long service evaluation using retrospective routine data. Br Paramed J. 2021;6(3):58\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29045\/14784726.2021.12.6.3.58.","journal-title":"Br Paramed J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5446","volume":"36","author":"C Giebel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giebel C, Hollinghurst J, Akbari A, Schnier C, Wilkinson T, North L, et al. Socio-economic predictors of time to care home admission in people living with dementia in Wales: a routine data linkage study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(4):511\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5446.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490620","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2018.1490620","volume":"13","author":"A Johannessen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Johannessen A, Engedal K, Haugen PK, Dourado MCN, Thorsen K. To be, or not to be\": experiencing deterioration among people with young-onset dementia living alone. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2018;13(1):1490620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482631.2018.1490620.","journal-title":"Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01417.x","volume":"55","author":"CH Wilkins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilkins CH, Wilkins KL, Meisel M, Depke M, Williams J, Edwards DF. Dementia undiagnosed in poor older adults with functional impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(11):1771\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01417.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/s104161021000013x","volume":"22","author":"C Miranda-Castillo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miranda-Castillo C, Woods B, Orrell M. People with dementia living alone: what are their needs and what kind of support are they receiving? Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(4):607\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s104161021000013x.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa196","volume":"50","author":"KH Pitkala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pitkala KH, Laakkonen M-L, Kallio E-L, Kautiainen H, Raivio MM, Tilvis RS, et al. Monetary value of informal caregiving in dementia from a societal perspective. Age Ageing. 2021;50(3):861\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afaa196.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860220142486","volume":"6","author":"J Schneider","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schneider J, Hallam A, Murray J, Foley B, Atkin L, Banerjee S, et al. Formal and informal care for people with dementia: factors associated with service receipt. Aging Ment Health. 2002;6(3):255\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607860220142486.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4118","volume":"30","author":"H Gage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gage H, Cheynel J, Williams P, Mitchell K, Stinton C, Katz J, et al. <article-title update=\"added\">Service utilisation and family support of people with dementia: a cohort study in England: service utilisation and family support in dementia cohort. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2015;30(2):166\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4118.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1159\/000017202","volume":"10","author":"EM Ebly","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ebly EM, Hogan DB, Rockwood K. Living alone with dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 1999;10(6):541\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000017202.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610299005803","volume":"11","author":"KL Prescop","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prescop KL, Dodge HH, Morycz RK. <article-title update=\"added\">Elders with dementia living in the community with and without caregivers: an epidemiological study. Int Psychogeriatr. 1999;11(3):235\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610299005803.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"15","key":"3002_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e19690","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000019690","volume":"99","author":"SW Hsieh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsieh SW, Kim SY, Shim YS, Huang LC, Yang YH. A comparison of sociobehavioral impact on cognitive preservation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease between Taiwan and Korea: a cross-national study. Medicine. 2020;99(15):e19690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000019690.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR37","first-page":"117","volume":"9","author":"F Nourhashemi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nourhashemi F, Amouyal-Barkate K, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Cantet C, Vellas B. Living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis in the REAL.FR Study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2005;9(2):117\u201320.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1017\/s1041610209991529","volume":"22","author":"SW Lehmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehmann SW, Black BS, Shore A, Kasper J, Rabins PV. Living alone with dementia: lack of awareness adds to functional and cognitive vulnerabilities. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(5):778\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1041610209991529.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170102","volume":"58","author":"P \u010cerm\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u010cerm\u00e1kov\u00e1 P, Nelson M, Secnik J, Garcia-Ptacek S, Johnell K, Fastbom J, et al. Living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: data from SveDem, the Swedish dementia registry. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;58(4):1265\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-170102.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13347","volume":"63","author":"M Soto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soto M, Andrieu S, Gares V, Cesari M, Gillette-Guyonnet S, Cantet C, et al. Living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the risk of adverse outcomes: results from the Plan de Soin et d\u2019Aide dans la maladie d\u2019Alzheimer study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(4):651\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13347.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/13607869956406","volume":"3","author":"H Tuokko","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tuokko H, Mac CP, Heath Y. Home alone with dementia. Aging Ment Health. 1999;3(1):21\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607869956406.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00013614-199612000-00005","volume":"12","author":"DF Edwards","year":"1996","unstructured":"Edwards DF, Baum CM. Functional performance of inner city African-American older persons with dementia. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1996;12(2):17\u201327.","journal-title":"Top Geriatr Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.137","volume":"5","author":"M Hars\u00e1nyiov\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hars\u00e1nyiov\u00e1 M, Prokop P. Living condition, weight loss and cognitive decline among people with dementia. Nurs Open. 2018;5(3):275\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nop2.137.","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260412","volume":"16","author":"M Iwasaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwasaki M, Motokawa K, Watanabe Y, Hayakawa M, Mikami Y, Shirobe M, et al. Nutritional status and body composition in cognitively impaired older persons living alone: the Takashimadaira study. PLoS One. 2021;16(11):e0260412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0260412.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301207075627","volume":"6","author":"L M\u00e5vall","year":"2007","unstructured":"M\u00e5vall L, Malmberg B. Day care for persons with dementia: an alternative for whom? Dementia. 2007;6(1):27\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301207075627.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1037\/1099-9809.10.1.23","volume":"10","author":"KF Watari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watari KF, Gatz M. Pathways to care for Alzheimer\u2019s disease among Korean Americans. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2004;10(1):23\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1099-9809.10.1.23.","journal-title":"Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/34.1.8","volume":"34","author":"PA Webber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Webber PA, Fox P, Burnette D. Living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease: effects on health and social service utilization patterns. Gerontologist. 1994;34(1):8\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/34.1.8.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6432","volume":"181","author":"LH Nicholas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicholas LH, Langa KM, Bynum JPW, Hsu JW. Financial presentation of Alzheimer disease and related dementias. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(2):220\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.6432.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.S71709","volume":"9","author":"C Wattmo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wattmo C, Londos E, Minthon L. Solitary living in Alzheimer\u2019s disease over 3 years: association between cognitive and functional impairment and community-based services. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9(1):1951\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/cia.S71709.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-215284","volume":"86","author":"M Manivannan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Manivannan M, Heunis J, Hooper SM, Bernstein Sideman A, Lui KP, Braley TL, et al. Use of telephone- and internet-based support to elicit and address financial abuse and mismanagement in dementia: experiences from the care ecosystem study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;86(1):219\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-215284.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860902774402","volume":"13","author":"N Murayama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murayama N, Iseki E, Endo T, Nagashima K, Yamamoto R, Ichimiya Y, et al. Risk factors for delusion of theft in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease showing mild dementia in Japan. Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(4):563\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607860902774402.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12282","volume":"18","author":"T Kitamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kitamura T, Shiota S, Jinkawa S, Kitamura M, Hino S. Effect of preceding home-visit nursing on time to discharge in hospitalization for the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia among patients with limited familial care. Psychogeriatrics. 2018;18(1):36\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyg.12282.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1080\/13607860902879318","volume":"13","author":"M Durand","year":"2009","unstructured":"Durand M, James A, Ravishankar A, Bamrah JS, Purandare NB. Domiciliary and day care services: why do people with dementia refuse? Aging Ment Health. 2009;13(3):414\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607860902879318.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1159\/000332016","volume":"32","author":"F Fritze","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fritze F, Ehrt U, Hortobagyi T, Ballard C, Aarsland D. Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and lewy body dementia: a one-year follow-up study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;32(2):143\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000332016.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1278","volume":"20","author":"C Regan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Regan C, Katona C, Walker Z, Livingston G. Relationship of exercise and other risk factors to depression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the LASER-AD study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20(3):261\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.1278.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"3002_CR56","unstructured":"Souza AM. Early stage memory loss interventions: utilization, impact and the experience of living alone. PhD thesis. Washington: University of Washington; 2017."},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jrm00130","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2757","volume":"52","author":"B Abel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abel B, Eckert T, Pomiersky R, Dautel A, Sch\u00e4ufele M, Pfeiffer K, et al. Transition from inpatient rehabilitation to the home environment in cognitively impaired older persons after hip fracture. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(11):jrm00130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/16501977-2757.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03341-8","volume":"22","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Jin S, Cao X, Han L, Sun N, Allore H, et al. Catastrophic health expenditure among Chinese adults living alone with cognitive impairment: findings from the CHARLS. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-022-03341-8.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12816","volume":"22","author":"T Okamura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okamura T, Ura C, Sugiyama M, Inagaki H, Miyamae F, Edahiro A, et al. Factors associated with inability to attend a follow-up assessment, mortality, and institutionalization among community-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment during a 5-year period: evidence from community-based participatory research. Psychogeriatrics. 2022;22(3):332\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyg.12816.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930060312","volume":"6","author":"JP Woods","year":"1991","unstructured":"Woods JP, Phanjoo AL. A follow-up study of psychogeriatric day hospital patients with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1991;6(3):183\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e538","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008745","volume":"94","author":"ML Haaksma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haaksma ML, Eriksdotter M, Rizzuto D, Leoutsakos J-MS, Olde Rikkert MGM, Melis RJF, et al. Survival time tool to guide care planning in people with dementia. Neurology. 2020;94(5):e538-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008745.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3002_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12916","volume":"19","author":"SM Okoye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okoye SM, Fabius CD, Reider L, Wolff JL. Predictors of falls in older adults with and without dementia. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia. 2023;19(7):2888\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12916.","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182096624","volume":"25","author":"ML Hansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hansen ML, Waldorff FB, Waldemar G. Prognostic factors for weight loss over 1-year period in patients recently diagnosed with mild Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2011;25(3):269\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3182096624.","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1765-5","volume":"17","author":"H Risvoll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Risvoll H, Giverhaug T, Halvorsen KH, Waaseth M, Musial F. Direct and indirect risk associated with the use of dietary supplements among persons with dementia in a Norwegian memory clinic. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12906-017-1765-5.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbac111","volume":"78","author":"D Zuo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zuo D, Heflin CM. Cognitive impairment and supplemental nutrition assistance program take-up among the eligible older Americans. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023;78(1):99\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronb\/gbac111.","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0855-7","volume":"15","author":"M W\u00fcbbeler","year":"2015","unstructured":"W\u00fcbbeler M, Wucherer D, Hertel J, Michalowsky B, Heinrich S, Meyer S, et al. Antidementia drug treatment in dementia networks in Germany: use rates and factors associated with treatment use. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15(1):205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-015-0855-7.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03660.x","volume":"59","author":"Y Rhee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rhee Y, Csernansky JG, Emanuel LL, Chang C-G, Shega JW. Psychotropic medication burden and factors associated with antipsychotic use: an analysis of a population-based sample of community-dwelling older persons with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(11):2100\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03660.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"3002_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18555","volume":"71","author":"J Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang J, Shen JY, Conwell Y, Yu F, Nathan K, Heffner KL, et al. Antipsychotic use among older patients with dementia receiving home health care services: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71(12):3768\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.18555.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"3002_CR69","unstructured":"Herrick TH. Service utilization among people with cognitive impairment: does living alone make a difference? PhD thesis. Boston: University of Massachusetts; 2017."},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.24","volume":"10","author":"JF Dartigues","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dartigues JF, Avila-Funes JA, Letenneur L, Meillon C, Helmer C, Amieva H, et al. Ten years after the national Alzheimer\u2019s plan: dementia remains a hidden syndrome in France. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10(3):600\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/jpad.2023.24.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930040607","volume":"4","author":"DW O\u2019Connor","year":"1989","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor DW, Pollitt PA, Brook CP, Reiss BB. The distribution of services to demented elderly people living in the community. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1989;4(6):339\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.930040607.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301207084367","volume":"6","author":"DF Edwards","year":"2007","unstructured":"Edwards DF, Morris JC. Alone and confused: community-residing older African Americans with dementia. Dementia. 2007;6(4):489\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301207084367.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301218804981","volume":"19","author":"JM Moholt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moholt JM, Friborg O, Blix BH, Henriksen N. Factors affecting the use of home-based services and out-of-home respite care services: a survey of family caregivers for older persons with dementia in Northern Norway. Dementia. 2020;19(5):1712\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301218804981.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2904-z","volume":"29","author":"SK Ennis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ennis SK, Larson EB, Grothaus L, Helfrich CD, Balch S, Phelan EA. Association of living alone and hospitalization among community-dwelling elders with and without dementia. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(11):1451\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2904-z.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170419","volume":"60","author":"E Pongan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pongan E, Dorey J-M, Krolak-Salmon P, Federico D, Sellier C, Auguste N, et al. Predictors of discharge destinations and three-month evolution of patients initially hospitalized in a cognitive behavioral unit. J Alzheimers Dis. 2017;60(4):1259\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170419.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2005.11.008","volume":"7","author":"L Rozzini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rozzini L, Cornali C, Chilovi BV, Ghianda D, Padovani A, Trabucchi M. Predictors of institutionalization in demented patients discharged from a rehabilitation unit. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2006;7(6):345\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2005.11.008.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12114","volume":"15","author":"S Tochimoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tochimoto S, Kitamura M, Hino S, Kitamura T. Predictors of home discharge among patients hospitalized for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Psychogeriatrics. 2015;15(4):248\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyg.12114.","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12631","volume":"27","author":"L Sandberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sandberg L, Nilsson I, Rosenberg L. Home care services for older clients with and without cognitive impairment in Sweden. Health Soc Care Community. 2019;27(1):139\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12631.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1076\/anec.8.3.182.829","volume":"8","author":"MC Tierney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tierney MC, Charles J, Jaglal S, Snow WG, Szalai JP, Spizzirri F, et al. Identification of those at greatest risk of harm among cognitively impaired people who live alone. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn. 2001;8(3):182\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/anec.8.3.182.829.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13946","volume":"64","author":"JP Hamers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hamers JP, Bleijlevens MH, Gulpers MJ, Verbeek H. Behind closed doors: involuntary treatment in care of persons with cognitive impairment at home in the Netherlands. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(2):354\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13946.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5213","volume":"35","author":"L Kerpershoek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kerpershoek L, de Vugt M, Wolfs C, Orrell M, Woods B, Jelley H, et al. Is there equity in initial access to formal dementia care in Europe? The Andersen model applied to the Actifcare cohort. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(1):45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5213.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"13\u201314","key":"3002_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15457","volume":"31","author":"A Mengelers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mengelers A, Moermans VRA, Bleijlevens MHC, Verbeek H, Capezuti E, Tan F, et al. Involuntary treatment in dementia care at home: results from the Netherlands and Belgium. J Clin Nurs. 2022;31(13\u201314):1998\u20132007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocn.15457.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"3002_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsai CF, Huang MH, Cheng CM, Lee JJ, Wang WF, Huang LC, et al. Determinants of long-term care service use by persons with dementia: a national dementia registry study conducted in Taiwan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5719.","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5719"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-021-07041-8","volume":"21","author":"M Vislapuu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vislapuu M, Angeles RC, Berge LI, Kjerstad E, Gedde MH, Husebo BS. The consequences of COVID-19 lockdown for formal and informal resource utilization among home-dwelling people with dementia: results from the prospective PAN.DEM study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2021;21(1):1003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-021-07041-8.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq050","volume":"51","author":"C Wattmo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wattmo C, Wallin AK, Londos E, Minthon L. Risk factors for nursing home placement in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a longitudinal study of cognition, ADL, service utilization, and cholinesterase inhibitor treatment. Gerontologist. 2011;51(1):17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geront\/gnq050.","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"issue":"10","key":"3002_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286930","volume":"18","author":"A Sm-Rahman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sm-Rahman A, Meinow B, Hyden LC, Kelfve S. Patterns of long-term care utilization during the last five years of life among Swedish older adults with and without dementia. PLoS One. 2023;18(10):e0286930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0286930.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1177\/07334648211073129","volume":"41","author":"Y-J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y-J, Wang W-F, Jhang K-M, Chang M-C, Chang C-C, Liao Y-C. Prediction of institutionalization for patients with dementia in Taiwan according to condition at entry to dementia collaborative care. J Appl Gerontol. 2022;41(5):1357\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07334648211073129.","journal-title":"J Appl Gerontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3002_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930070909","volume":"7","author":"H Diesfeldt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Diesfeldt H. Psychogeriatric day-care outcome - a 5-year follow-up. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1992;7(9):673\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.930070909.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83.e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.03.002","volume":"13","author":"M Dram\u00e9","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dram\u00e9 M, Lang PO, Jolly D, Narbey D, Mahmoudi R, Lani\u00e8ce I, et al. Nursing home admission in elderly subjects with dementia: predictive factors and future challenges. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012;13(1):83.e17-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.03.002.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930040209","volume":"4","author":"D Lam","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lam D, Sewell M, Bell G, Katona C. Who needs psychogeriatric continuing care? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1989;4(2):109\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.930040209.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318256d1d0","volume":"27","author":"T Mets","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mets T, De Deyn PP, Pals P, De Lepeleire J, Vandewoude M, Ventura M, et al. COGNOS: care for people with cognitive dysfunction: a national observational study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2013;27(2):123\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318256d1d0.","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"3002_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0243513","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243513","volume":"15","author":"M Mj\u00f8rud","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mj\u00f8rud M, Selb\u00e6k G, Bjertness E, Edwin TH, Engedal K, Knapskog AB, et al. Time from dementia diagnosis to nursing-home admission and death among persons with dementia: a multistate survival analysis. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0243513.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3686-5","volume":"18","author":"AMM Rokstad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rokstad AMM, Engedal K, Kirkevold O, Benth JS, Selb\u00e6k G. The impact of attending day care designed for home-dwelling people with dementia on nursing home admission: a 24-month controlled study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3686-5.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4015","volume":"29","author":"A Rongve","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rongve A, Vossius C, Nore S, Testad I, Aarsland D. Time until nursing home admission in people with mild dementia: comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;29(4):392\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4015.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02084-2","volume":"21","author":"C Ura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ura C, Okamura T, Sugiyama M, Miyamae F, Yamashita M, Nakayama R, et al. Living on the edge of the community: factors associated with discontinuation of community living among people with cognitive impairment. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02084-2.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"16","key":"3002_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.16.2090","volume":"287","author":"K Yaffe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yaffe K, Fox P, Newcomer R, Sands L, Lindquist K, Dane K, et al. Patient and caregiver characteristics and nursing home placement in patients with dementia. JAMA. 2002;287(16):2090\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.287.16.2090.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181b2075e","volume":"17","author":"M Pentzek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pentzek M, Wollny A, Wiese B, Jessen F, Haller F, Maier W, et al. Apart from nihilism and stigma: what influences general practitioners\u2019 accuracy in identifying incident dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009;17(11):965\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181b2075e.","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1284","volume":"20","author":"AM Meaney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meaney AM, Croke M, Kirby M. Needs assessment in dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20(4):322\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.1284.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afz067","volume":"48","author":"YJ Ju","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ju YJ, Nam CM, Lee SG, Park S, Hahm M-I, Park E-C. Evaluation of the South Korean national long-term care insurance-funded cognitive function training programme for older people with mild dementia. Age Ageing. 2019;48(5):636\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afz067.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"10","key":"3002_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2124","volume":"74","author":"JR Thyrian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thyrian JR, Hertel J, Wucherer D, Eichler T, Michalowsky B, Dreier-Wolfgramm A, et al. Effectiveness and safety of dementia care management in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat. 2017;74(10):996\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2124.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301209103273","volume":"8","author":"L de Witt","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Witt L, Ploeg J, Black M. Living on the threshold: the spatial experience of living alone with dementia. Dementia. 2009;8(2):263\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301209103273.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1017\/s0144686x20000513","volume":"41","author":"J Heaton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heaton J, Martyr A, Nelis SM, Markov\u00e1 IS, Morris RG, Roth I, et al. Future outlook of people living alone with early-stage dementia and their non-resident relatives and friends who support them. Ageing Soc. 2021;41(11):2660\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0144686x20000513.","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000354378","volume":"60","author":"D Houttekier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Houttekier D, Reyniers T, Deliens L, den Van Noortgate N, Cohen J. Dying in hospital with dementia and pneumonia: a nationwide study using death certificate data. Gerontology. 2014;60(1):31\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000354378.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"3002_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930090907","volume":"9","author":"GC Wenger","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wenger GC. Dementia sufferers living at home. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1994;9(9):721\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.930090907.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7","volume":"21","author":"E Curnow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Curnow E, Rush R, Gorska S, Forsyth K. Differences in assistive technology installed for people with dementia living at home who have wandering and safety risks. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-021-02546-7.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5065","volume":"34","author":"S Balouch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balouch S, Rifaat E, Chen HL, Tabet N. Social networks and loneliness in people with Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;34(5):666\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5065.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1442410","volume":"23","author":"H Brown","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brown H, D\u2019Amico F, Knapp M, Orrell M, Rehill A, Vale L, et al. A cost effectiveness analysis of maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy (MCST) for people with dementia: examining the influence of cognitive ability and living arrangements. Aging Ment Health. 2019;23(5):602\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13607863.2018.1442410.","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215117","volume":"86","author":"C Henderson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Henderson C, Knapp M, Martyr A, Gamble LD, Nelis SM, Quinn C, et al. The use and costs of paid and unpaid care for people with dementia: longitudinal findings from the IDEAL cohort. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;86(1):135\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-215117.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.09.012","volume":"5","author":"C Henderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Henderson C, Knapp M, Nelis SM, Quinn C, Martyr A, Wu YT, et al. Use and costs of services and unpaid care for people with mild-to-moderate dementia: baseline results from the IDEAL cohort study. Alzheimer\u2019s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 2019;5(1):685\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trci.2019.09.012.","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190811","volume":"74","author":"M Nakanishi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakanishi M, Igarashi A, Ueda K, Brnabic AJM, Treuer T, Sato M, et al. Costs and resource use associated with community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease in Japan: baseline results from the prospective observational GERAS-J study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;74(1):127\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-190811.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-017-0869-7","volume":"19","author":"B Michalowsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michalowsky B, Flessa S, Eichler T, Hertel J, Dreier A, Zwingmann I, et al. Healthcare utilization and costs in primary care patients with dementia: baseline results of the DelpHi-trial. Eur J Health Econ. 2018;19(1):87\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-017-0869-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150600","volume":"50","author":"B Michalowsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michalowsky B, Thyrian JR, Eichler T, Hertel J, Wucherer D, Flessa S, et al. Economic analysis of formal care, informal care, and productivity losses in primary care patients who screened positive for dementia in Germany. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;50(1):47\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-150600.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3002_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.05.008","volume":"15","author":"B Michalowsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Michalowsky B, Xie F, Eichler T, Hertel J, Kaczynski A, Kilimann I, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a collaborative dementia care management-results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Dement. 2019;15(10):1296\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.05.008.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190578","volume":"74","author":"A R\u00e4dke","year":"2020","unstructured":"R\u00e4dke A, Michalowsky B, Thyrian JR, Eichler T, Xie F, Hoffmann W. Who benefits most from collaborative dementia care from a patient and payer perspective? A subgroup cost-effectiveness analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;74(2):449\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190578.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"3002_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagstaff A. Catastrophic Medical Expenditures: Reflections on Three Issues. Policy Research Working Paper 8651. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group; 2018.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-8651"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-13-56","volume":"13","author":"JR Thyrian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thyrian JR, Fi\u00df T, Dreier A, B\u00f6wing G, Angelow A, Lueke S, et al. Life- and person-centred help in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany (DelpHi): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2012;13(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1745-6215-13-56.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1007\/s10433-022-00729-8","volume":"19","author":"J Lampinen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lampinen J, Conradsson M, Nyqvist F, Olofsson B, Gustafson Y, Nilsson I, et al. Loneliness among very old people with and without dementia: prevalence and associated factors in a representative sample. Eur J Ageing. 2022;19(4):1441\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10433-022-00729-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Ageing"},{"issue":"8","key":"3002_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5305","volume":"35","author":"CR Victor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Victor CR, Rippon I, Nelis SM, Martyr A, Litherland R, Pickett J, et al. Prevalence and determinants of loneliness in people living with dementia: findings from the IDEAL programme. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020;35(8):851\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5305.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7S_Part_17","key":"3002_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1176","volume":"13","author":"A Gibson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gibson A. Making a connection: a virtual support group for persons living alone with dementia [abstract]. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(7S_Part_17):P839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1176.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1017\/s0144686x19001259","volume":"41","author":"E Odzakovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Odzakovic E, Kullberg A, Hellstr\u00f6m I, Clark A, Campbell S, Manji K, et al. It\u2019s our pleasure, we count cars here\u2019: an exploration of the \u201cneighbourhood-based connections\u201d for people living alone with dementia. Ageing Soc. 2021;41(3):645\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0144686x19001259.","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR121","first-page":"84","volume":"7","author":"PB Harris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harris PB. The experience of living alone with early stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease: what are the person\u2019s concerns? Alzheimers Care Today. 2006;7(2):84\u201394.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Care Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301211419018","volume":"11","author":"SM Frazer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frazer SM, Oyebode JR, Cleary A. How older women who live alone with dementia make sense of their experiences: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Dementia. 2012;11(5):677\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301211419018.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301213494510","volume":"14","author":"R Svanstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"Svanstr\u00f6m R, Sundler AJ. Gradually losing one\u2019s foothold- -a fragmented existence when living alone with dementia. Dementia. 2015;14(2):145\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301213494510.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"3002_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.12655","volume":"24","author":"S Suwa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suwa S, Otani S, Tsujimura M, Nogawa K, Shiya Y. The diary of a nonagenarian-centenarian woman with dementia: memory loss, life changes, and community care in Japan. Int J Nurs Pract. 2018;24(Supplement 1):e12655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijn.12655.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2021.1876064","volume":"42","author":"K Illiger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Illiger K, Walter U, Koppelin F. I can do that on my own!\" On the relevance of subjective factors to the use of formal support, from the perspective of people with dementia. Health Care Women Int. 2021;42(11):1298\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07399332.2021.1876064.","journal-title":"Health Care Women Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301211420331","volume":"12","author":"F Duane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duane F, Brasher K, Koch S. Living alone with dementia. Dementia. 2013;12(1):123\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301211420331.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301218789990","volume":"19","author":"K Thorsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thorsen K, Dourado MCN, Johannessen A. Developing dementia: the existential experience of the quality of life with young-onset dementia - a longitudinal case study. Dementia. 2020;19(3):878\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301218789990.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-021-01627-2","volume":"21","author":"NG Puaschitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Puaschitz NG, Jacobsen FF, Mannseth J, Angeles RC, Berge LI, Gedde MH, et al. Factors associated with access to assistive technology and telecare in home-dwelling people with dementia: baseline data from the LIVE@Home.Path trial. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2021;21(1):264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12911-021-01627-2.","journal-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167616","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1167616","volume":"15","author":"NGS Puaschitz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Puaschitz NGS, Jacobsen FF, Berge LI, Husebo BS. Access to, use of, and experiences with social alarms in home-living people with dementia: results from the LIVE@Home.Path trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15(1):1167616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1167616.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3002_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0002-8614.2004.52404.x","volume":"52","author":"MC Tierney","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tierney MC, Charles J, Naglie G, Jaglal S, Kiss A, Fisher RH. Risk factors for harm in cognitively impaired seniors who live alone: a prospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(9):1435\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0002-8614.2004.52404.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1080\/01634372.2021.2004568","volume":"65","author":"Y Hattori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hattori Y, Hiramatsu M, Isowa T, Kitagawa A, Tsujikawa M. The impact of cognitive impairment on disaster preparedness: a cross-sectional study of older adults over the age of 75 requiring special care in Japan. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2022;65(5):562\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01634372.2021.2004568.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Soc Work"},{"issue":"9","key":"3002_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13738","volume":"19","author":"K Kikuchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kikuchi K, Ijuin M, Awata S, Suzuki T. Exploratory research on outcomes for individuals missing through dementia wandering in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(9):902\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ggi.13738.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"3002_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04159.x","volume":"60","author":"MA Rowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rowe MA, Greenblum CA, Boltz M, Galvin JE. Missing drivers with dementia: antecedents and recovery. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(11):2063\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04159.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"3002_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/13698575.2013.801936","volume":"15","author":"CA Cott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cott CA, Tierney MC. Acceptable and unacceptable risk: balancing everyday risk by family members of older cognitively impaired adults who live alone. Health Risk Soc. 2013;15(5):402\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13698575.2013.801936.","journal-title":"Health Risk Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012030023008","volume":"2","author":"H Gilmour","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilmour H, Gibson F, Campbell J. Living alone with dementia: a case study approach to understanding risk. Dementia. 2003;2(3):403\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14713012030023008.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v29n04_05","volume":"29","author":"K Watari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Watari K, Wetherell JL, Gatz M, Delaney J, Ladd C, Cherry D. Long distance caregivers: characteristics, service needs, and use of a long distance caregiver program. Clin Gerontol. 2006;29(4):61\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J018v29n04_05.","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"3002_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244016664954","author":"D Evans","year":"2016","unstructured":"Evans D, Price K, Meyer J. Home alone with dementia. SAGE Open. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244016664954.","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1177\/1471301214523280","volume":"15","author":"L de Witt","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Witt L, Ploeg J. Caring for older people living alone with dementia: healthcare professionals\u2019 experiences. Dementia. 2016;15(2):221\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1471301214523280.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.6.295","volume":"22","author":"C Knight","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knight C, Harrison Dening K. Management of long-term conditions and dementia: the role of the Admiral Nurse. Br J Community Nurs. 2017;22(6):295\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjcn.2017.22.6.295.","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"3002_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/147130120910325","volume":"8","author":"F Waugh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Waugh F. Where does risk feature in community care practice with older people with dementia who live alone? Dementia. 2009;8(2):205\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/147130120910325.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"3002_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S389","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igz038.1431","volume":"3","author":"A Gibson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibson A. A virtual support group for persons living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease [abstract]. Innov Aging. 2019;3(Supplement_1):S389-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igz038.1431.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"3002_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/geroni\/igad104.1898","volume":"7","author":"A Gibson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gibson A, Pope N, Hossain M. Supporting persons living alone with dementia: findings from a pilot study [abstract]. Innov Aging. 2023;7(Supplement_1):580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geroni\/igad104.1898.","journal-title":"Innov Aging"},{"issue":"S7","key":"3002_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.087620","volume":"20","author":"A Gibson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gibson A. An intervention to support persons living alone with cognitive impairment in the United States [abstract]. Alzheimers Dement. 2024;20(S7):e087620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.087620.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/14713012211024488","volume":"21","author":"J Andrew","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrew J, Wilkinson H, Prior S. Guid times wi the bad times\u201d: the meanings and experiences of befriending for people living alone with dementia. Dementia. 2022;21(1):21\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14713012211024488.","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"21","key":"3002_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20128","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000020128","volume":"99","author":"Z Quail","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quail Z, Carter MM, Wei A, Li XL. Management of cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease using a non-pharmacological intervention program a case report. Medicine. 2020;99(21):e20128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000020128.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"3002_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1108\/14717794200700020","volume":"8","author":"C Price","year":"2007","unstructured":"Price C. Monitoring people with dementia \u2010 controlling or liberating? Quality of Ageing. 2007;8(3):41\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/14717794200700020.","journal-title":"Quality of Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/15691861211005059","volume":"34","author":"J Mizuno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mizuno J, Sadohara K, Nihei M, Onaka S, Nishiura Y, Inoue T. The application of an information support robot to reduce agitation in an older adult with Alzheimer\u2019s disease living alone in a community dwelling: a case study. Hong Kong J Occup Ther. 2021;34(1):50\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15691861211005059.","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"3002_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817a835d","volume":"46","author":"RM Andersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersen RM. National health surveys and the behavioral model of health services use. Med Care. 2008;46(7):647\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817a835d.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33425","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.33425","volume":"15","author":"K Chelak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chelak K, Chakole S. The role of social determinants of health in promoting health equality: a narrative review. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.33425.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"3002_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305610","volume":"110","author":"M Ag\u00e9nor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ag\u00e9nor M. Future directions for incorporating intersectionality into quantitative population health research. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(6):803\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2020.305610.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"3002_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5688","author":"JO van Horik","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Horik JO, Collins R, Martyr A, Henderson C, Jones RW, Knapp M, et al. Limited receipt of support services among people with mild-to-moderate dementia: findings from the IDEAL cohort. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.5688.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"3002_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260802094712","volume":"20","author":"M Prince","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prince M, Acosta D, Albanese E, Arizaga R, Ferri CP, Guerra M, et al. Ageing and dementia in low and middle income countries-using research to engage with public and policy makers. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2008;20(4):332\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540260802094712.","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3002_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-1995.175162","volume":"21","author":"SR Shrivastava","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shrivastava SR, Shrivastava PS, Ramasamy J. Dementia in middle- and low-income nations: a public health priority. J Res Med Sci. 2016;21(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1735-1995.175162.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"3002_CR154","volume-title":"From plan to impact VIII: Time to deliver","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. From plan to impact VIII: Time to deliver. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International; 2025."},{"key":"3002_CR155","volume-title":"Living alone with dementia research to practice guide","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Australia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Australia. Living alone with dementia research to practice guide. North Ryde, NSW: Alzheimer\u2019s Australia; 2013."},{"key":"3002_CR156","volume-title":"Living alone with dementia. Guide for commissioners about how to support people living alone with dementia who don\u2019t have family and friends nearby","author":"J Brooks","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brooks J. Living alone with dementia. Guide for commissioners about how to support people living alone with dementia who don\u2019t have family and friends nearby. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University; 2024."},{"key":"3002_CR157","volume-title":"Living alone with dementia. Guide for people working with people with dementia who live alone and don\u2019t have family and friends nearby","author":"J Brooks","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brooks J. Living alone with dementia. Guide for people working with people with dementia who live alone and don\u2019t have family and friends nearby. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University; 2024."},{"key":"3002_CR158","volume-title":"Dementia and Living Alone","author":"Alzheimer Society of Canada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alzheimer Society of Canada. Dementia and Living Alone. Toronto: Alzheimer Society of Canada; 2024."},{"key":"3002_CR159","volume-title":"Is the Individual able to Live Alone","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. Is the Individual able to Live Alone. St. Louis: Alzheimer\u2019s Association; 2011."},{"key":"3002_CR160","volume-title":"Is the Individual able to Live Alone","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. Is the Individual able to Live Alone. Kansas: Alzheimer\u2019s Association; 2018."},{"key":"3002_CR161","volume-title":"Cognitive Impairment Care Planning Toolkit","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association. Cognitive Impairment Care Planning Toolkit. Chicago: Alzheimer\u2019s Association; 2019."},{"key":"3002_CR162","volume-title":"Living with Dementia Series: Living Alone","author":"Alzheimer's Society","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Society. Living with Dementia Series: Living Alone. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Society; 2022."},{"key":"3002_CR163","volume-title":"Living Alone with Dementia","author":"Dementia UK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dementia UK. Living Alone with Dementia. London: Dementia UK; 2024."},{"key":"3002_CR164","unstructured":"Splaine Consulting. Living Alone and Connected. https:\/\/www.livingaloneandconnected.com\/. Accessed 6 Oct 2025."},{"key":"3002_CR165","unstructured":"Splaine Consulting. Living Alone with Dementia. https:\/\/www.splaineconsulting.com\/living-alone-with-dementia\/. Accessed 6 Oct 2025."},{"key":"3002_CR166","unstructured":"Menne HL, Hunter M, Gould E, Palmer L, Yuen P, Murray MJ, et al. Filling the Gaps in Dementia-Capable Home and Community-Based Services: Report on Completed Administration for Community Living ADI-SSS Grants to Communities and States. Washington, DC: Administration for Community Living U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2021."},{"key":"3002_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14283\/cw.2018.3","volume":"2018","author":"E Portacolone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Portacolone E. On living alone with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Care Weekly. 2018;2018:1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14283\/cw.2018.3.","journal-title":"Care Weekly"},{"issue":"8","key":"3002_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2329913","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.29913","volume":"6","author":"E Portacolone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Portacolone E, Nguyen TT, Bowers BJ, Johnson JK, Kotwal AA, Stone RI, et al. Perceptions of the role of living alone in providing services to patients with cognitive impairment. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2329913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.29913.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Systematic Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T17:17:18Z","timestamp":1768843038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":168,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-025-03002-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2046-4053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2046-4053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}