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In recent years, research has increasingly concentrated on assessing the contribution of the gut microbiota to vasculitis. This systematic study sought to assess the dominant gut microbiota profiles in vasculitis patients and compare them to those of healthy individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Cochrane methodology was used to design and conduct the present systematic review. Relevant articles published up to May 2025 were searched and collected from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. The keywords used in the search included \u201cvasculitis,\u201d \u201cTakayasu arteritis,\u201d \u201cgiant cell arteritis,\u201d \u201cpolyarteritis nodosa,\u201d \u201cmicroscopic polyangiitis,\u201d \u201cgranulomatosis with polyangiitis,\u201d \u201ceosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,\u201d \u201ccryoglobulinemic vasculitis,\u201d \u201cIgA vasculitis,\u201d \u201cvariable vessel vasculitis,\u201d \u201cBeh\u00e7et\u2019s disease,\u201d and \u201cCogan\u2019s syndrome\u201d alongside phrases like \u201cgut microbiome,\u201d \u201cgut microbiota,\u201d and \u201cgut flora.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 12 publications were included in the analysis. Three addressed individuals with Takayasu arteritis (TAK), three investigated ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), another three examined Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease (BD), while one study each pertained to IgA vasculitis (IgAV), Kawasaki disease (KD), and a nonspecific form of vasculitis. The majority of these works observed variations in both \u03b1-diversity and \u03b2-diversity, as well as in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota. Additionally, the structure of the microbial communities differed markedly between those with vasculitis and healthy individuals. Notably, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria\u2014the dominant bacterial phyla in the human gastrointestinal tract\u2014were frequently diminished in affected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The occurrence of intestinal microbial imbalance in individuals diagnosed with vasculitis has been validated. As observed in various other autoimmune conditions, the gut microbiota of vasculitis patients is chiefly comprised Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Disruptions in the microbial ecosystem\u2014mainly typified by diminished diversity and population density\u2014may play a role in triggering and advancing the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review was not registered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-026-03359-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T04:02:03Z","timestamp":1792209723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring gut microbiome dysbiosis in vasculitis in adults: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kamila","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mozhdeh","family":"Ghamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7555-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schwarting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Triantafyllias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3359_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02742-y","volume":"17","author":"P Cholewi\u0144ska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cholewi\u0144ska P, G\u00f3rniak W, Wojnarowski K. 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