{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T15:46:04Z","timestamp":1780587964864,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013272","name":"Third Health Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant #801553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant #801553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Health-related data are collected from a variety of sources for different purposes, including secondary use for population health monitoring (HM) and health system performance assessment (HSPA). Most of these data sources are not included in databases of international organizations (e.g., WHO, OECD, Eurostat), limiting their use for research activities and policy making. This study aims at identifying and describing collection methods, quality assessment procedures, availability and accessibility of health data across EU Member States (MS) for HM and HSPA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A structured questionnaire was developed and administered through an online platform to partners of the InfAct consortium form EU MS to investigate data collections applied in HM and HSPA projects, as well as their methods and procedures. A descriptive analysis of the questionnaire results was performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Information on 91 projects from 18 EU MS was collected. In these projects, data were mainly collected through administrative sources, population health interview or health examination surveys and from electronic medical records. Tools and methods used for data collection were mostly mandatory reports, self-administered questionnaires, or record linkage of various data sources. One-third of the projects shared data with EU research networks and less than one-third performed quality assessment of their data collection procedures using international standardized criteria. Macrodata were accessible via open access and reusable in 22 projects. Microdata were accessible upon specific request and reusable in 15 projects based on data usage licenses. Metadata was available for the majority of the projects, but followed reporting standards only in 29 projects. Overall, compliance to FAIR Data principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) was not optimal across the EU projects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data collection and exchange procedures differ across EU MS and research data are not always available, accessible, comparable or reusable for further research and evidence-based policy making. There is a need for an EU-level health information infrastructure and governance to promote and facilitate sharing and dissemination of standardized and comparable health data, following FAIR Data principles, across the EU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00780-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T05:02:38Z","timestamp":1641358958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Health data collection methods and procedures across EU member states: findings from the InfAct Joint Action on health information"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6522-9098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigid","family":"Unim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Carle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Tolonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Bernal-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Achterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Metka","family":"Zaletel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Seeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romana","family":"Haneef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Charlotte","family":"Lorcy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Van Oyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7492","key":"780_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7492.644","volume":"330","author":"P Glasziou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glasziou P, Irwig L, Mant D. Monitoring in chronic disease: a rational approach. BMJ. 2005;330(7492):644\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.330.7492.644.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"780_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-020-03205-9","volume":"63","author":"M Verschuuren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Verschuuren M, van Oers H. Population health monitoring: an essential public health field in motion. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2020;63(9):1134\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-020-03205-9.","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"issue":"1","key":"780_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"SM Teutsch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Teutsch SM, Thacker SB. Planning a public health surveillance system. Epidemiol Bull. 1995;16(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Bull"},{"key":"780_CR4","unstructured":"Hurtado MP, Swift EK, Corrigan JM. 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Van Oyen is one of the co-authors of this paper and the editor of <i>Archives of Public Health<\/i>. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}