{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T04:49:45Z","timestamp":1794286185389,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Sci Clin Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T11:00:10Z","timestamp":1557140410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Low barrier buprenorphine treatment for persons experiencing homelessness and injecting heroin in San Francisco"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jamie","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Zevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula J.","family":"Lum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"149_CR1","unstructured":"Ahmad FB et al. Provisional drug overdose death counts. National Center for Health Statistics. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm\n                    \n                  . Accessed 26 June 2018."},{"issue":"169","key":"149_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.015","volume":"1","author":"TL Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu TL, Zhu H, Swartz MS. Treatment utilization among persons with opioid use disorder in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;1(169):117\u201327.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"149_CR3","unstructured":"Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2014. \n                    https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013\/Web\/NSDUHresults2013.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 26 June 2018."},{"key":"149_CR4","unstructured":"Williams R, Nunes E, Olfson M. To battle the opioid overdose epidemic, deploy the \u201ccascade of care\u201d model. Health Affairs Blog. \n                    https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20170313.059163\/full\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 26 June 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002207","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002207.pub4","volume":"6","author":"RP Mattick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mattick RP, et al. Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;6(2):CD002207. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002207.pub4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.10.004","volume":"21","author":"RD Bruce","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bruce RD. Methadone as HIV prevention: high volume methadone sites to decrease HIV incidence rates in resource limited settings. Int J Drug Policy. 2012;21(2):122\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"149_CR7","first-page":"e1229","volume":"2","author":"P Karki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karki P et al. The impact of methadone maintenance treatment on HIV risk behaviors among high-risk injection drug users: a systematic review. Evid Based Med Public Health. 2016;2:e1229.","journal-title":"Evid Based Med Public Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"149_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw416","volume":"63","author":"AJ Low","year":"2016","unstructured":"Low AJ, et al. Impact of opioid substitution therapy on antiretroviral outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(8):1094\u2013104.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"149_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j1550","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550","volume":"357","author":"L Sordo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sordo L, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017;357:j1550. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j1550\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"149_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0783-9","volume":"19","author":"A Sharma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sharma A, et al. Update on barriers to pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(6):35.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR11","first-page":"31","volume":"1","author":"LG Duncan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duncan LG, Mendoza S, Hansen H. Buprenorphine maintenance for opioid dependence in public sector healthcare: benefits and barriers. J Addict Med Ther Sci. 2015;1(2):31\u20136.","journal-title":"J Addict Med Ther Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"149_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0222-2","volume":"13","author":"EM Oliva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oliva EM, et al. Barriers to use of pharmacotherapy for addiction disorders and how to overcome them. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011;13(5):374\u201381.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"149_CR13","unstructured":"Addiction on the streets: Clinical interventions. In: Healing hands. National Health Care for the Homeless Clinician\u2019s Network. 2006. \n                    www.nhchc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/02\/Oct2006HealingHands.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 26 June 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"149_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302248","volume":"105","author":"TP Baggett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baggett TP, et al. Tobacco-, alcohol-, and drug-attributable deaths and their contribution to\u00a0mortality disparities in a cohort of homeless adults in Boston. Am J Public Health. 2015;105(6):1189\u201397.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1604","volume":"173","author":"TP Baggett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baggett TP, et al. Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(3):189\u201395.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"149_CR16","unstructured":"Meges D et al. Adapting your practice: recommendations for the care of homeless patients with opioid use disorders. National Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians\u2019 Network. 2014. \n                    http:\/\/www.nhchc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/hch-opioid-use-disorders_adapting-your-practice-final-to-post.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed June 29 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"149_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-222","volume":"27","author":"R Canavan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Canavan R, et al. Service provision and barriers to care for homeless people with mental health problems across 14 European capital cities. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;27(12):222.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"149_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0649-8","volume":"48","author":"Krausz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krausz, et al. Mental disorder, service use, and barriers to care among 500 homeless people in 3 different urban settings. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(8):1235\u201343.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"149_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-015-0361-3","volume":"16","author":"DJT Campbell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campbell DJT, et al. Primary healthcare needs and barriers to care among Calgary\u2019s homeless populations. BMC Fam Pract. 2015;16:139.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"149_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405066","volume":"94","author":"M Perreault","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perreault M, et al. Accessibility to methadone substitution treatment: the role of a low-threshold program. Can J Public Health. 2003;94:197\u2013200.","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405382","volume":"98","author":"M Perreault","year":"2007","unstructured":"Perreault M, et al. Treatment retention and evolution of clientele in a low threshold methadone substitution treatment program in Montreal. Can J Public Health. 2007;98(1):33\u20136.","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"149_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.5.774","volume":"91","author":"MW Langendam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Langendam MW, et al. The impact of harm-reduction-based methadone treatment on mortality among heroin users. Am J Public Health. 2001;91(5):774\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"156","key":"149_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.037","volume":"1","author":"S Nolan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nolan S, et al. The impact of low-threshold methadone maintenance treatment on mortality in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;1(156):57\u201361.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2007.19.2.124","volume":"19","author":"P Millson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Millson P, et al. Reduction in injection-related HIV risk after 6\u00a0months in a low-threshold methadone treatment program. AIDS Educ Prev. 2007;19(2):124\u201336.","journal-title":"AIDS Educ Prev"},{"issue":"6","key":"149_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.05.005","volume":"24","author":"C Strike","year":"2013","unstructured":"Strike C, et al. What is low threshold methadone maintenance treatment? Int J Drug Policy. 2013;24(6):e51\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"9","key":"149_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02465.x","volume":"104","author":"DC Des Jarlais","year":"2009","unstructured":"Des Jarlais DC, et al. Doing harm reduction better: syringe exchange in the United States. Addiction. 2009;104(9):1441\u20136.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2013.804484","volume":"35","author":"AD Fox","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox AD, et al. I heard about it from a friend: assessing interest in buprenorphine treatment. Subst Abuse. 2014;35(1):74\u20139.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1011820","volume":"36","author":"AD Fox","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fox AD, et al. Harm reduction agencies as a potential site for buprenorphine treatment. Subst Abuse. 2015;36(2):155\u201360.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.07.015","volume":"48","author":"AD Fox","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fox AD, et al. Illicit buprenorphine use, interest in and access to buprenorphine treatment among syringe exchange participants. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;48(1):112\u20136.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182034e31","volume":"5","author":"AR Bazazi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bazazi AR, et al. Illicit use of buprenorphine\/naloxone among injecting and noninjecting opioid users. J Addict Med. 2011;5(3):175\u201380.","journal-title":"J Addict Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0149-y","volume":"14","author":"AD Fox","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fox AD, et al. Development and evaluation of a community-based buprenorphine treatment intervention. Harm Reduct J. 2017;14(1):23. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-017-0149-y\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.694603","volume":"31","author":"S Stancliff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stancliff S, et al. Opioid maintenance treatment as a harm reduction tool for opioid-dependent individuals in NYC: the need to expand access to buprenorphine in marginalized populations. J Addict Dis. 2012;31(3):278\u201387.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000096","volume":"9","author":"R Tringale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tringale R, et al. The stepped treatment engagement protocol for homeless, needle exchange heroin-dependent patients. J Addict Med. 2015;9(2):163\u20134.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1443541","volume":"39","author":"MA Bachhuber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bachhuber MA, et al. Description and outcomes of a buprenorphine maintenance treatment program integrated within Prevention Point Philadelphia, an urban syringe exchange program. Subst Abuse. 2018;39(2):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"7","key":"149_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303786","volume":"107","author":"A Chatterjee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chatterjee A, et al. Shelter-based opioid treatment: increasing access to addiction treatment in a family shelter. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(7):1092\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.11.002","volume":"46","author":"G Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall G, et al. Mobile opioid agonist treatment and public funding expands treatment for disenfranchised opioid-dependent individuals. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;46(4):511\u20135.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"149_CR37","unstructured":"Coffin P, Rowe C. National Drug Early Warning System (NDEWS). San Francisco Sentinel Community Site (SCS) Drug Use Patterns and Trends. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/ndews.umd.edu\/sites\/ndews.umd.edu\/files\/san-francisco-drug-use-patterns-and-trends-2017-final.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 29 March 2019."},{"key":"149_CR38","unstructured":"Drinking Levels Defined. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. \n                    https:\/\/www.niaaa.nih.gov\/alcohol-health\/overview-alcohol-consumption\/moderate-binge-drinking\n                    \n                  . Accessed 8 Sept 2018."},{"key":"149_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2011.587704","volume":"43","author":"D Hersh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hersh D, Little SL, Gleghorn A. Integrating buprenorphine treatment into a public healthcare system: the San Francisco Department of Public Health\u2019s office-based Buprenorphine Pilot Program. J Psychoact Drugs. 2011;43:136\u201345.","journal-title":"J Psychoact Drugs"},{"key":"149_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-006-0023-1","volume":"22","author":"DP Alford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alford DP, et al. Treating homeless opioid dependent patients with buprenorphine in an office-based setting. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22:171\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130051045","volume":"145","author":"KJ Schuh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schuh KJ, Walsh SL, Stitzer ML. Onset, magnitude and duration of opioid blockade produced by buprenorphine and naltrexone in humans. Psychopharmacology. 1999;145(2):162\u201374.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR42","first-page":"361","volume":"274","author":"SL Walsh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Walsh SL, et al. Acute administration of buprenorphine in humans: partial agonist and blockade effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;274(1):361\u201372.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"149_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-3107","volume":"169","author":"MR Larochelle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Larochelle MR, et al. Medication for opioid use disorder after nonfatal opioid overdose and association with mortality: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(3):137\u201345.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"149_CR44","first-page":"e172","volume":"23","author":"C Ruetsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruetsch C, et al. Heterogeneity of nonadherent buprenorphine patients: subgroup characteristics and outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23(6):e172\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"56 Suppl 1","key":"149_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182097576","volume":"1","author":"LE Sullivan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sullivan LE, et al. The impact of cocaine use on outcomes in HIV-infected patients receiving buprenorphine\/naloxone. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;1(56 Suppl 1):S54\u201361.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"149_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.12032.x","volume":"22","author":"CO Cunningham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cunningham CO, et al. Buprenorphine treatment outcomes among opioid-dependent cocaine users and non-users. Am J Addict. 2013;22(4):352\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"149_CR47","unstructured":"FDA urges caution about withholding opioid addiction medications from patients taking benzodiazepines or CNS depressants: careful medication management can reduce risks. Drug Safety Communications. US Food and Drug Administration. 2017. \n                    https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/UCM576377.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 28 June 2018."},{"key":"149_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004147.pub4","author":"L Amato","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amato L, et al. Psychosocial combined with agonist maintenance treatments versus agonist maintenance treatments alone for the treatment of opioid dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004147.pub4\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"149_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74.e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.07.005","volume":"126","author":"DA Fiellin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fiellin DA, et al. A randomized trial of cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care-based buprenorphine. Am J Med. 2013;126(1):74.e11\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"149_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(75)90062-0","volume":"16","author":"G Woody","year":"1975","unstructured":"Woody G, et al. Rapid intake: a method for increasing retention rate of heroin addicts seeking methadone treatment. Compr Psychiatry. 1975;16(2):165\u20139.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"149_CR51","unstructured":"Menu of State Prescription Drug Identification Laws. Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Public Health Law Program. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/phlp\/docs\/menu-pdil.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 10 Nov 2018."}],"container-title":["Addiction Science &amp; Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T19:26:15Z","timestamp":1588620375000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-019-0149-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the UCSF IRB (Study No. 17-24142). This study was a retrospective chart review and did not involve human subjects contact, so need for consent was waived by the IRB.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20"}}