{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T09:42:50Z","timestamp":1767174170464,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA229143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA229143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA229143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA229143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA229143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA229143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA229143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA229143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA016058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA229114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA229114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K07 CA181351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K07 CA181351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007316","name":"Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA177558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA177558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Addict Sci Clin Pract"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cervical cancer burden is high among women living in Appalachia. Cigarette smoking, a cervical cancer risk factor, is also highly prevalent in this population. This project aims to increase smoking cessation among women living in Appalachia by embedding a smoking cessation program within a larger, integrated cervical cancer prevention program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The broader program, the\n                      <jats:italic>Take CARE<\/jats:italic>\n                      study, is a multi-site research collaborative designed to address three risk factors for cervical cancer incidence and mortality: tobacco use, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and cervical cancer screening.\n                      <jats:italic>Break Free<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a primary care clinic-based implementation program that aims to promote smoking cessation among female smokers in Appalachia by standardizing clinical practice protocols.\n                      <jats:italic>Break Free<\/jats:italic>\n                      includes: (1) implementation of a tobacco user identification system in the Electronic Health Record, (2) clinic staff and provider training on the Ask, Advise and Refer (AAR) model, (3) provider implementation of AAR to identify and treat women who want to quit smoking within the next 6\u00a0months, (4) facilitated access to cessation phone counseling plus pharmacotherapy, and (5) the bundling of\n                      <jats:italic>Break Free<\/jats:italic>\n                      tobacco cessation with HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening interventions in an integrated approach to cervical cancer prevention. The study spans 35 Appalachian health clinics across 10 healthcare systems. We aim to enroll 51 adult female smokers per health system (total N\u2009=\u2009510). Baseline and follow-up data will be obtained from participant (provider and patient) surveys. The primary outcome is self-reported 12-month point prevalence abstinence among enrolled patients. All randomized patients are asked to complete follow-up surveys, regardless of whether they participated in tobacco treatment. Data analysis of the primary aims will follow intent-to-treat methodology. Secondary outcomes will assess program implementation and cost effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addressing high tobacco use rates is critical for reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality among women living in Appalachia. This study evaluates the implementation and effectiveness of a smoking cessation program in increasing smoking cessation among female smokers. If results demonstrate effectiveness and sustainability, implementation of this program into other health care clinics could reduce both rates of smoking and cervical cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Trial registration<\/jats:italic>\n                      NCT04340531 (April 9, 2020)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]],"date-time":"2022-02-14T02:02:59Z","timestamp":1644804179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A cluster randomized controlled trial for a multi-level, clinic-based smoking cessation program with women in Appalachian communities: study protocol for the \u201cBreak Free\u201d program"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04340531","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3125-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne G.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tia N.","family":"Borger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Burris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Conaway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Klesges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amie","family":"Ashcraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Hauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merry C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Dignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephenie","family":"Kennedy-Rea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Electra D.","family":"Paskett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Ferketich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"295_CR1","unstructured":"Appalachia\u2019s population (2014\u20132018). https:\/\/www.arc.gov\/report\/appalachias-population-2014-2018\/."},{"key":"295_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00060.x","volume":"1","author":"EJ Lengerich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lengerich EJ, Tucker TC, Powell RK, Colsher P, Lehman E, Ward AJ, Siedlecki JC, Wyatt SW. Cancer incidence in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: disparities in Appalachia. J Rural Health. 2005;1:39\u201347.","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"key":"295_CR3","unstructured":"The Appalachia Community Cancer Network: The cancer burden in Appalachia. 2009."},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0946","volume":"25","author":"RJ Wilson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson RJ, Ryerson AB, Singh SD, King JB. Cancer incidence in Appalachia, 2004\u20132011. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2016;25(2):250\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"295_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3385","volume":"21","author":"O Adegoke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adegoke O, Kulasingam S, Virnig B. Cervical cancer trends in the United States: a 35-year population-based analysis. J Womens Health. 2012;21(10):1031\u20137.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"295_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0239","volume":"13","author":"ED Paskett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paskett ED, Pennell ML, Ruffin MT, Weghorst CM, Lu B, Hade EM, Peng J, Bernardo BM, Wewers ME. A multi-level model to understand cervical cancer disparities in Appalachia. Cancer Prev Res. 2020;13(3):223\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"295_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3183","volume":"21","author":"ME Wewers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wewers ME, Salsberry PJ, Ferketich AK, Ahijevych KL, Hood NE, Paskett ED. Risk factors for smoking in rural women. J Womens Health. 2012;21(5):548\u201356.","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"295_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0850","volume":"21","author":"PL Reiter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reiter PL, Katz ML, Paskett ED. HPV vaccination among adolescent females from Appalachia: implications for cervical cancer disparities. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2012;21(12):2220\u201330.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"295_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-15-0369","volume":"24","author":"ML Katz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Katz ML, Reiter PL, Young GS, Pennell ML, Tatum CM, Paskett ED. Adherence to multiple cancer screening tests among women living in Appalachia Ohio. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2015;24(10):1489\u201394.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28666","volume":"135","author":"E Roura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roura E, Castellsagu\u00e9 X, Pawlita M, Travier N, Waterboer T, Margall N, Bosch FX, De Sanjos\u00e9 S, Dillner J, Gram IT, Tjonneland A. Smoking as a major risk factor for cervical cancer and pre-cancer: results from the EPIC cohort. Int J Cancer. 2014;135(2):453\u201366.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"295_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.3802\/jgo.2017.28.e47","volume":"28","author":"R-M Feng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feng R-M, Hu S-Y, Zhao F-H, Zhang R, Zhang X, Wallach AI, Qiao Y-L. Role of active and passive smoking in high-risk human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse. J Gynecol Oncol. 2017;28(5):e47.","journal-title":"J Gynecol Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(03)00196-3","volume":"57","author":"HW Haverkos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haverkos HW, Soon G, Steckley SL, Pickworth W. Cigarette smoking and cervical cancer: part I: a meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother. 2003;57(2):67\u201377.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"295_CR13","unstructured":"Ferketich AK, Hall O. An examination of substance use among Medicaid-enrolled adults and comparison populations in Ohio. 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10334-6","volume":"21","author":"K Cardarelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cardarelli K, Westneat S, Dunfee M, May B, Schoenberg N, Browning S. Persistent disparities in smoking among rural Appalachians: evidence from the Mountain Air Project. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"46","key":"295_CR15","first-page":"1736","volume":"69","author":"ME Cornelius","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cornelius ME, Wang TW, Jamal A, Loretan CG, Neff LJ. Tobacco product use among adults\u2014United States, 2019. MMWR. 2020;69(46):1736.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"3","key":"295_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.36.3.8","volume":"36","author":"TM Kruger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kruger TM, Howell BM, Haney A, Davis RE, Fields N, Schoenberg NE. Perceptions of smoking cessation programs in rural Appalachia. Am J Health Behav. 2012;36(3):373\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"key":"295_CR17","unstructured":"Appalachian Regional Commission. Poverty rates by region, 2011\u20132015. https:\/\/www.arc.gov\/reports\/custom_report.asp?REPORT_ID=70."},{"key":"295_CR18","unstructured":"Lane NM, Lutz AY, Baker K, Konrad TR, Ricketts TC, Randolph R, Tran C, Beadles CA. Health care costs and access disparities in Appalachia. PDA, Incorporated. 2012."},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmv103","volume":"33","author":"AC Villanti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Villanti AC, Bover Manderski MT, Gundersen DA, Steinberg MB, Delnevo CD. Reasons to quit and barriers to quitting smoking in US young adults. Fam Pract. 2016;33(2):133\u20139.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0897-1897(03)00009-0","volume":"16","author":"K Ahijevych","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahijevych K, Kuun P, Christman S, Wood T, Browning K, Wewers ME. Beliefs about tobacco among Appalachian current and former users. Appl Nurs Res. 2003;16(2):93\u2013102.","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"295_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840802319860","volume":"29","author":"MK Rayens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rayens MK, Hahn EJ, Hedgecock S. Readiness to quit smoking in rural communities. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2008;29(10):1115\u201333.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"295_CR22","volume-title":"The health consequences of smoking\u201450 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2014","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking\u201450 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014."},{"key":"295_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiore MC, Ja\u00e9n CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz NL, Curry SJ, Dorfman SF, Froelicher ES, Goldstein MG, Healton CG. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Rockville: US Department of Health and Human Services. 2008;35(2):158\u2013176.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.04.009"},{"key":"295_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000165.pub4","author":"LF Stead","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stead LF, Buitrago D, Preciado N, Sanchez G, Hartmann-Boyce J, Lancaster T. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Syst Rev. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000165.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"295_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.07.009","volume":"43","author":"AK Ferketich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferketich AK, Khan Y, Wewers ME. Are physicians asking about tobacco use and assisting with cessation? Results from the 2001\u20132004 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). Prev Med. 2006;43(6):472\u20136.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"295_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntt221","volume":"16","author":"AK Ferketich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferketich AK, Pennell M, Seiber EE, Wang L, Farietta T, Jin Y, Wewers ME. Provider-delivered tobacco dependence treatment to Medicaid smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(6):786\u201393.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"295_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntq071","volume":"12","author":"EK Tong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tong EK, Strouse R, Hall J, Kovac M, Schroeder SA. National survey of US health professionals\u2019 smoking prevalence, cessation practices, and beliefs. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(7):724\u201333.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"295_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168482","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168482","volume":"11","author":"AL Bartsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartsch AL, H\u00e4rter M, Niedrich J, Br\u00fctt AL, Buchholz A. A systematic literature review of self-reported smoking cessation counseling by primary care physicians. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(12):e0168482.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"295_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E131","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.140053","volume":"11","author":"D Danesh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Danesh D, Paskett ED, Ferketich AK. Disparities in receipt of advice to quit smoking from health care providers: 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:E131.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"02","key":"295_CR30","first-page":"38","volume":"61","author":"A Jamal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jamal A, Dube SR, Malarcher AM, Shaw L, Engstrom MC. Tobacco use screening and counseling during physician office visits among adults\u2014National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2005\u20132009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61(02):38\u201345.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"295_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.014","author":"DA Schaer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schaer DA, Singh B, Steinberg MB, Delnevo CD. Tobacco treatment guideline use and predictors among US physicians by specialty. Am J Prev Med. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.014.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12971-017-0146-7","volume":"15","author":"C Mart\u00ednez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez C, Castellano Y, Andr\u00e9s A, Fu M, Ant\u00f3n L, Ballb\u00e8 M, Fern\u00e1ndez P, Cabrera S, Riccobene A, Gavilan E. Factors associated with implementation of the 5A\u2019s smoking cessation model. Tob Induc Dis. 2017;15(1):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12971-017-0146-7.","journal-title":"Tob Induc Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"295_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1017\/jsc.2017.25","volume":"13","author":"T Sharpe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharpe T, Alsahlanee A, Ward KD, Doyle F. Systematic review of clinician-reported barriers to provision of smoking cessation interventions in hospital inpatient settings. J Smok Cessat. 2018;13(4):233\u201343.","journal-title":"J Smok Cessat"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"295_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.06.007","volume":"51","author":"S Papadakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Papadakis S, McDonald P, Mullen K-A, Reid R, Skulsky K, Pipe A. Strategies to increase the delivery of smoking cessation treatments in primary care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2010;51(3\u20134):199\u2013213.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"295_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2007.03.060115","volume":"20","author":"DS Blumenthal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blumenthal DS. Barriers to the provision of smoking cessation services reported by clinicians in underserved communities. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007;20(3):272\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"295_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson RT, Labgold C, Camacho TF, Voeges N. Abstract B21: a community health worker led smoking cessation in Virginia Appalachia. In: 10th AACR conference on the science of cancer health disparities in racial\/ethnic minorities and the medically underserved. Atlanta, GA; 2017.","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7755.DISP17-B21"},{"issue":"12","key":"295_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0952","volume":"18","author":"ME Wewers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wewers ME, Ferketich AK, Harness J, Paskett ED. Effectiveness of a nurse-managed, lay-led tobacco cessation intervention among Ohio Appalachian women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2009;18(12):3451\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(83)90008-4","volume":"8","author":"RE Glasgow","year":"1983","unstructured":"Glasgow RE, Klesges RC, Vasey MW. Controlled smoking for chronic smokers: an extension and replication. Addict Behav. 1983;8(2):143\u201350.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"295_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200600789726","volume":"8","author":"JR Hughes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hughes JR, Carpenter MJ. Does smoking reduction increase future cessation and decrease disease risk? A qualitative review. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006;8(6):739\u201349.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"295_CR40","unstructured":"Rx for Change: Clinician-Assisted Tobacco Cessation Program. https:\/\/rxforchange.ucsf.edu\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 1991;50(2):179\u2013211.","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"15","key":"295_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01685.x","volume":"28","author":"M Conner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Conner M, Armitage CJ. Extending the theory of planned behavior: a review and avenues for further research. J Appl Soc Psychol. 1998;28(15):1429\u201364.","journal-title":"J Appl Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"295_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.02.003","volume":"36","author":"T Asfar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Asfar T, Ebbert JO, Klesges RC, Relyea GE. Do smoking reduction interventions promote cessation in smokers not ready to quit? Addict Behav. 2011;36(7):764\u20138.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"295_CR44","volume-title":"Design and analysis of cluster randomization trials in health research","author":"A Donner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Donner A, Klar N. Design and analysis of cluster randomization trials in health research. London: Arnold Publishers; 2000."},{"issue":"6","key":"295_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280214530030","volume":"25","author":"A Callie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Callie A, Leyrat C, Giraudeau B. A comparison of imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Methods Med Res. 2016;25(6):2650\u201369.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"295_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4067","volume":"30","author":"IR White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White IR, Royston P, Wood AM. Multiple imputation using chained equations: issues and guidance for practice. Stat Med. 2011;30(4):377\u201399.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"295_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys","author":"D Rubin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rubin D. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: Wiley; 1987."},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR48","first-page":"348","volume":"46","author":"JL Bernal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernal JL, Cummins S, Gasparrini A. Interrupted time series regression for the evaluation of public health interventions: a tutorial. Int J Epidemiol. 2017;46(1):348\u201355.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"295_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2010.516702","volume":"50","author":"N Schoenberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schoenberg N, Baltisberger J, Bardach S, Dignan M. Perspectives on Pap test follow-up care among rural Appalachian women. Women Health. 2010;50(6):580\u201397.","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"295_CR50","volume-title":"Creating a culture of health in Appalachia: disparities and bright spots","author":"J Marshall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marshall J, Thomas L, Lane N, Holmes G, Arcury T, Randolph R, Ivey K. Creating a culture of health in Appalachia: disparities and bright spots. Washington, DC: Appalachian Regional Commission; 2017."},{"key":"295_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055747","author":"M Shokoohi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shokoohi M, Salway T, Ahn B, Ross LE. Disparities in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among bisexual people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Tob Control. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055747.","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"295_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.09.006","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Berg CJ, Weber AA, Vu M, Nguyen J, Haard\u00f6rfer R, Windle M, Goodman M, Escoffery C. Tobacco use at the intersection of sex and sexual identity in the US, 2007\u20132020: a meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.09.006.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2014.0032","volume":"2","author":"K Bennett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bennett K, McElroy JA, Johnson AO, Munk N, Everett KD. A persistent disparity: smoking in rural sexual and gender minorities. LGBT Health. 2015;2(1):62\u201370.","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"295_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2014.0186","volume":"25","author":"K Bennett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bennett K, Ricks JM, Howell BM. \u201cIt\u2019s just a way of fitting in\u201d: Tobacco use and the lived experience of lesbian, gay, and bisexual Appalachians. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;25(4):1646.","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"7","key":"295_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntz132","volume":"22","author":"NL Benowitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benowitz NL, Bernert JT, Foulds J, Hecht SS, Jacob P III, Jarvis MJ, Joseph A, Oncken C, Piper ME. Biochemical verification of tobacco use and abstinence: 2019 update. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020;22(7):1086\u201397.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4902-7","volume":"17","author":"KL Cheung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cheung KL, de Ruijter D, Hiligsmann M, Elfeddali I, Hoving C, Evers SM, de Vries H. Exploring consensus on how to measure smoking cessation: a Delphi study. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"295_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2008.00147.x","volume":"24","author":"TD Hutcheson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hutcheson TD, Greiner KA, Ellerbeck EF, Jeffries SK, Mussulman LM, Casey GN. Understanding smoking cessation in rural communities. J Rural Health. 2008;24(2):116\u201324.","journal-title":"J Rural Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-916","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang J, Li C, Jia C, Liu Y, Liu J, Yan X, Fang Y. Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"295_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1584.2002.00405.x","volume":"10","author":"M Gomm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gomm M, Lincoln P, Egeland P, Rosenberg M. Helping hospitalised clients quit smoking: a study of rural nursing practice and barriers. Aust J Rural Health. 2002;10(1):26\u201332.","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"295_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303967","volume":"107","author":"ME Roberts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roberts ME, Doogan NJ, Stanton CA, Quisenberry AJ, Villanti AC, Gaalema DE, Keith DR, Kurti AN, Lopez AA, Redner R, Cepeda-Benito A. Rural versus urban use of traditional and emerging tobacco products in the United States, 2013\u20132014. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(10):1554\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-022-00304-7","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000}}],"container-title":["Addiction Science &amp; Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T17:04:35Z","timestamp":1666717475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ascpjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00295-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1940-0640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1940-0640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2022","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00304-7","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-022-00304-7","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board (Study # 2020C0040).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants will provide written informed consent before participating in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}