{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T17:00:43Z","timestamp":1774026043660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, China","award":["ZY2023051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2023051"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perioper Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:35:10Z","timestamp":1770978910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for preemptive analgesia on intraoperative opioid dosage in burn patients: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingbin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haichuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangwen","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"656_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.10.028","volume":"41","author":"AE Abali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abali AE, Cabioglu T, Ozdemir H, Haberal M. Interactive effects of acupuncture on pain and distress in major burns: an experiment with rats. Burns. 2015;41(4):833\u201342.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR2","first-page":"2361","volume":"20","author":"L Boldeanu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boldeanu L, Boldeanu MV, Bogdan M, Meca AD, Coman CG, Buca BR, et al. Immunological approaches and therapy in burns (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(3):2361\u20137.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"656_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1089\/jicm.2022.0752","volume":"29","author":"YL Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng YL, Hsu TF, Kung YY, Chen YC. Effect of acupoint stimulation on improving gastrointestinal motility in patients after gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Integr Complement Med. 2023;29(11):718\u201326.","journal-title":"J Integr Complement Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"656_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0365-2","volume":"75","author":"H Clarke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clarke H, Poon M, Weinrib A, Katznelson R, Wentlandt K, Katz J. Preventive analgesia and novel strategies for the prevention of chronic post-surgical pain. Drugs. 2015;75(4):339\u201351.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"656_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.03.002","volume":"41","author":"O Cuignet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cuignet O, Pirlot A, Ortiz S, Rose T. The effects of electroacupuncture on analgesia and peripheral sensory thresholds in patients with burn scar pain. Burns. 2015;41(6):1298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.03.028","volume":"46","author":"MA Emery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emery MA, Eitan S. Drug-specific differences in the ability of opioids to manage burn pain. Burns\u202f: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2020;46(3):503\u201313.","journal-title":"Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries"},{"issue":"4","key":"656_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000286","volume":"28","author":"MA Emery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Emery MA, Bates MLS, Wellman PJ, Eitan S. Burn injury decreases the antinociceptive effects of opioids. Behav Pharmacol. 2017;28(4):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"656_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239839","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1239839","volume":"17","author":"Z Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Z, Dou B, Wang J, Wu Y, Du S, Li J, et al. Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia mediated by afferent nerves in acupoint microenvironments. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1239839.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"656_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.10.012","volume":"152","author":"JS Han","year":"2011","unstructured":"Han JS. Acupuncture analgesia: areas of consensus and controversy. Pain. 2011;152(3 Suppl):S41\u20138.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"656_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12092167","volume":"12","author":"KC Hung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hung KC, Huang YT, Kuo JR, Hsu CW, Yew M, Chen JY, et al. Elevated surgical pleth index at the end of surgery is associated with postoperative moderate-to-severe pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(9):2167.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"656_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528420920287","volume":"38","author":"PJ Hwan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwan PJ, Jun-Hwan L, Sanghun L, Jae-Young S, Tae-Hun K. Adverse events related to electroacupuncture: a systematic review of single case studies and case series. Acupunct Med. 2020;38(6):407\u201316.","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"656_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1444-6","volume":"17","author":"A Isuru","year":"2017","unstructured":"Isuru A, Rodrigo A, Wijesinghe C, Ediriweera D, Premadasa S, Wijesekara C, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the role of preemptive analgesia with acetaminophen [paracetamol] in reducing headache following electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):275.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2023.12.003","volume":"132","author":"S Jamal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jamal S, Shaw M, Quasim T, Puxty K, McGovern C. Long term opioid use after burn injury: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Anaesth. 2024;132(3):599\u2013606.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"Supp 1","key":"656_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i36","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043299","volume":"26","author":"SL James","year":"2020","unstructured":"James SL, Lucchesi LR, Bisignano C, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, Fox JT, et al. Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study. Injury Prevention\u202f: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention. 2020;26(Supp 1):i36\u201345.","journal-title":"Injury Prevention : Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention"},{"key":"656_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S264101","volume":"13","author":"K Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung K, Park MH, Kim DK, Kim BJ. Prediction of postoperative pain and opioid consumption using intraoperative surgical pleth index after surgical incision: an observational study. J Pain Res. 2020;13:2815\u201324.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"656_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6173412","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6173412","volume":"2019","author":"HC Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai HC, Lin YW, Hsieh CL. Acupuncture-analgesia-mediated alleviation of central sensitization. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019;2019:6173412.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"656_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5917","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235917","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Yin C, Li X, Liu B, Wang J, Zheng X, et al. Electroacupuncture alleviates Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathic pain in rats via suppressing TLR4 signaling and TRPV1 upregulation in sensory neurons. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(23):5917.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2021.01.005","volume":"19","author":"WJ Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li WJ, Gao C, An LX, Ji YW, Xue FS, Du Y. Perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for improving postoperative gastrointestinal function: a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med. 2021;19(3):211\u20138.","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1080\/02648725.2023.2191090","volume":"40","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao L. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for immunologic function after surgery in patients with gastrointestinal tumor: a meta-analysis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2024;40(2):1001\u201323.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev"},{"key":"656_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5365456","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5365456","volume":"2024","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Ji F, Shi H, Lou Y, et al. Perioperative transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation reduces postoperative pain in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Res Manag. 2024;2024:5365456.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"656_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.843186","volume":"16","author":"Z Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu Z, Huo T, Deng J, Guo F, Liu K, Liu P, et al. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation induced sedative effects in healthy volunteers: A resting-state fMRI study. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:843186.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"656_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5052840","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5052840","volume":"2020","author":"ZZ Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma ZZ, Lu YC, Wu JJ, Xing XX, Hua XY, Xu JG. Acupuncture induces reduction in limbic-cortical feedback of a neuralgia rat model: a dynamic causal modeling study. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:5052840.","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.4103\/apjon.apjon_61_20","volume":"8","author":"T Mao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mao T, Cheng Q, Liu X, Chen Y. Effect of electrical stimulation on gastrointestinal symptoms in lung cancer patients during chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs. 2021;8(3):246\u201354.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103662","volume":"49","author":"MC Mauck","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mauck MC, Zhao Y, Goetzinger AM, Tungate AS, Spencer AB, Lal A, et al. Incidence of persistent opioid use following traumatic injury. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2024;49(2):79\u201386.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"656_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.23158","volume":"77","author":"SK Oh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oh SK, Won YJ, Lim BG. Surgical pleth index monitoring in perioperative pain management: usefulness and limitations. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2024;77(1):31\u201345.","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"656_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14111091","volume":"14","author":"AK Paul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paul AK, Smith CM, Rahmatullah M, Nissapatorn V, Wilairatana P, Spetea M, et al. Opioid analgesia and opioid-induced adverse effects: a review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2021;14(11):1091.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X20500135","volume":"48","author":"L Qiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiao L, Guo M, Qian J, Xu B, Gu C, Yang Y. Research advances on acupuncture analgesia. Am J Chin Med. 2020;48(2):245\u201358.","journal-title":"Am J Chin Med"},{"key":"656_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5909956","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5909956","volume":"2021","author":"B Que","year":"2021","unstructured":"Que B, Tu Q, Shi J, Wan Z, Li Y, Zhou R, et al. Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on systemic inflammatory response syndrome of patients after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021;2021:5909956.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"656_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa120","volume":"41","author":"KS Romanowski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Romanowski KS, Carson J, Pape K, Bernal E, Sharar S, Wiechman S, et al. American Burn Association guidelines on the management of acute pain in the adult burn patient: a review of the literature, a compilation of expert opinion and next steps. J Burn Care Res. 2020;41(6):1152\u201364.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"656_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01048-4","volume":"26","author":"S Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah S, Godhardt L, Spofford C. Acupuncture and postoperative pain reduction. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022;26(6):453\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"656_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/159703","volume":"32","author":"M Szmit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szmit M, Krajewski R, Rudnicki J, Agrawal S. Application and efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in clinical practice: a systematic review. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2023;32(9):1063\u201374.","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.08.028","volume":"232","author":"AM Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan AM, Chang YW, Zhao P, Hains BC, Waxman SG. Rac1-regulated dendritic spine remodeling contributes to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Exp Neurol. 2011;232(2):222\u201333.","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"656_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302057","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1302057","volume":"11","author":"SY Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan SY, Jiang H, Ma Q, Ye X, Fu X, Ren YF, et al. Effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on early postoperative pain and recovery: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Med. 2024;11:1302057.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"656_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-021-04999-1","volume":"33","author":"N Taumberger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Taumberger N, Sch\u00fctz AM, Jeitler K, Siebenhofer A, Simonis H, Bornemann-Cimenti H, et al. Preemptive local analgesia at vaginal hysterectomy: a systematic review. Int Urogynecol J. 2022;33(9):2357\u201366.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"issue":"3","key":"656_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-018-1056-8","volume":"47","author":"Q Tu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu Q, Gan J, Shi J, Yu H, He S, Zhang J. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative analgesia after ureteroscopic lithotripsy: a randomized controlled trial. Urolithiasis. 2019;47(3):279\u201387.","journal-title":"Urolithiasis"},{"issue":"1","key":"656_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-018-2134-8","volume":"18","author":"JY Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang JY, Gao YH, Qiao LN, Zhang JL, Duan-Mu CL, Yan YX, et al. Repeated electroacupuncture treatment attenuated hyperalgesia through suppression of spinal glial activation in chronic neuropathic pain rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):74.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"656_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S203867","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Xue M, Xia Y, Jiang Q, Huang Z, Huang C. Electroacupuncture treatment upregulates \u03b17nAChR and inhibits JAK2\/STAT3 in dorsal root ganglion of rat with spared nerve injury. J Pain Res. 2019;12:1947\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"656_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04297-x","volume":"23","author":"B Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang B, Peng G, Chen L, Guo M, Zhou J, Liu Y, et al. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on remifentanil dosage during craniotomy aneurysm clipping: a prospective, randomized controlled study. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2023;23(1):453.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Med Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"656_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05534-9","volume":"22","author":"L Xi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xi L, Fang F, Yuan H, Wang D. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in geriatric patients with gastrointestinal tumor: a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22(1):563.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"6","key":"656_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.08.038","volume":"129","author":"C Xuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xuan C, Yan W, Wang D, Li C, Ma H, Mueller A, et al. Efficacy of preemptive analgesia treatments for the management of postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(6):946\u201358.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR41","first-page":"162","volume":"45","author":"L Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan L, Sun B, Zhou M, Zhang Y, Gao F, Zhao Q, et al. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative pain in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. 2025;45(2):162\u20136.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"issue":"4","key":"656_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35730","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035730","volume":"103","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Cairen Z, Liu X, Deng J, Mu X, Wang Y, et al. Transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation reduced consumption of profopol in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Medicine. 2024;103(4):e35730.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"656_CR43","first-page":"208","volume":"49","author":"T Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou T, Wang S, Fan BJ, Zhang LX, Hu SH, Hou W. Clinical efficacy of acupuncture in treating postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction of colorectal cancer, a systematic review and meta analysis. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2024;49(2):208\u201319.","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"}],"container-title":["Perioperative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T16:03:04Z","timestamp":1774022584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00656-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-0525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-0525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University between December 2023 and December 2024. The study protocol was approved by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University on December 1, 2023(reference: KJ2023-385\u201301) (Appendix 2) and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300078615, date of registration: 14\/12\/2023). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}