{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:56:42Z","timestamp":1781643402052,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perioper Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective management in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) is essential to ensure patient safety, comfort, and timely progression through the surgical care pathway. Many patients experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, sore throat, hoarseness, dizziness, and disorientation. These symptoms can prolong recovery time. Ice-lollies are a pragmatic, non-pharmacologic intervention. We aim to test the hypothesis that offering ice-lollies in the PACU shorten the patients' length of stay in post-anaesthesia care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Icesthesia is a prospective monocentric cluster-randomised single-blinded controlled clinical superiority trial in 3140 patients admitted to the PACU of a large university medical centre after anaesthesia. Days are randomised to intervention days with ice-lollies plus standard of care and control days with standard of care only. Anonymised patient data is collected. The primary outcome is the length of time spent in the PACU until decision to discharge. Secondary outcomes are pain medication consumption, nausea and vomiting, and postoperative delirium at discharge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial determines if offering ice-lollies to patients postoperatively reduces the length of stay in the PACU compared to standard of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00037179) on 11th June 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:23:53Z","timestamp":1773876233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of ice-lollies on the recovery time after anaesthesia: protocol for a cluster-randomised trial (Icesthesia)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnes S.","family":"Meidert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Laska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Brandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Berthold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Borrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0675-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Huge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2009.02.015","volume":"22","author":"M Lehmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehmann M, Monte K, Barach P, Kindler CH. \u201cPostoperative patient complaints: a prospective interview study of 12,276 patients,\u201d (in eng). J Clin Anesth. 2010;22(1):13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2009.02.015.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. H. Liang, Y. W. Lu, X. X. Ou, H. Shi, Y. J. She, and M. X. Zhang, \"Effect of ice popsicle treatment on emergence agitation in children undergoing oral surgery with sevoflurane anaesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled study,\" (in eng), J Pediatr Nurs, vol. 72, pp. 9\u201315, Sep-Oct 2023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.014"},{"key":"668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M. R. Kang et al., \"The Effects of Early Oral Intake in the Postanesthesia Care Unit on Nausea and Vomiting: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials,\" (in eng), J Perianesth Nurs, Apr 2 2025, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.01.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2025.01.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/s1089-9472(99)80036-7","volume":"14","author":"A Macario","year":"1999","unstructured":"Macario A, Glenn D, Dexter F. What can the postanesthesia care unit manager do to decrease costs in the postanesthesia care unit? J Perianesth Nurs. 1999;14(5):284\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1089-9472(99)80036-7.","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh098","volume":"92","author":"K Maruyama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maruyama K, et al. \u201cSore throat and hoarseness after total intravenous anaesthesia,\u201d (in eng). Br J Anaesth. 2004;92(4):541\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aeh098.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"668_CR6","unstructured":"Study Randomizer. (2017). Erasmus MC \u2013 University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/studyrandomizer.com"},{"key":"668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D. C. Sylvester, A. Rafferty, S. Bew, and L. C. Knight, \"The use of ice-lollies for pain relief post-paediatric tonsillectomy. A single-blinded, randomised, controlled trial,\" (in eng), Clin Otolaryngol, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 566\u201370, Dec 2011, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2011.02410.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-4486.2011.02410.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.13421","volume":"63","author":"C Weissman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weissman C, Scemama J, Weiss YG. The ratio of PACU length-of-stay to surgical duration: practical observations. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019;63(9):1143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aas.13421.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, (in eng), Jama, vol. 310, no. 20, pp. 2191\u20134, Nov 27 2013, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"}],"container-title":["Perioperative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:26:10Z","timestamp":1781641570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00668-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-0525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-0525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The trial was approved by the local ethics committee (Ethikkommission bei der Medizinischen Fakult\u00e4t der LMU M\u00fcnchen, chairperson R. Huber) under the registration number #25\u20130350. As this is a cluster randomized design with anonymised data collection, the need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"N.A.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"ASM has received speaker honoraria from Edwards Lifescience. All other authors have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"32"}}