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World Neurosurg. 2025;193:593\u2013604.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Perioperative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00709-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00709-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00709-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1787151775000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00709-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13741-026-00709-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-0525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-0525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Administrative permissions were required to access the raw data used in this study and the author's (Hao Xie) work unit (Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.) has already granted permission from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to access Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Databases. However, this observational study used deidentifed publicly available data, hence there was no requirement for consent to participate and it was deemed exempt by the ethics committee. So there is no need to grant permission in the Ethics approval and consent to participate section. What is more, the data used in this study were no need anonymized before its use. All methods are carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"74"}}