{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:11:58Z","timestamp":1781151118321,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Holland","award":["LSHM-17026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LSHM-17026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Widespread use and misuse of antibiotics have led to a dramatic increase in the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, while the discovery and development of new antibiotics is declining. This has made certain implant-associated infections such as periprosthetic joint infections, where a biofilm is formed, very difficult to treat. Alternative treatment modalities are needed to treat these types of infections in the future. One candidate that has been used extensively in the past, is the use of ionizing radiation. This review aims to provide a historical overview and future perspective of radiation therapy in infectious diseases with a focus on orthopedic infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic search strategy was designed to select studies that used radiation as treatment for bacterial or fungal infections. A total of 216 potentially relevant full-text publications were independently reviewed, of which 182 focused on external radiation and 34 on internal radiation. Due to the large number of studies, several topics were chosen. The main advantages, disadvantages, limitations, and implications of radiation treatment for infections were discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the pre-antibiotic era, high mortality rates were seen in different infections such as pneumonia, gas gangrene and otitis media. In some cases, external radiation therapy decreased the mortality significantly but long-term follow-up of the patients was often not performed so long term radiation effects, as well as potential increased risk of malignancies could not be investigated. Internal radiation using alpha and beta emitting radionuclides show great promise in treating fungal and bacterial infections when combined with selective targeting through antibodies, thus minimizing possible collateral damage to healthy tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The novel prospects of radiation treatment strategies against planktonic and biofilm-related microbial infections seem feasible and are worth investigating further. However, potential risks involving radiation treatment must be considered in each individual patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T10:03:45Z","timestamp":1596189825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Treating infections with ionizing radiation: a historical perspective and emerging techniques"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"van Dijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. V. C.","family":"Lemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. M.","family":"Hoogendoorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Dadachova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M. H.","family":"de Klerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. C.","family":"Vogely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Weinans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. G. E. H.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. C. H.","family":"van der Wal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12S","key":"775_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S122","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1145","volume":"10","author":"SB Levy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy SB, Bonnie M. Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses. Nat Med. 2004;10(12S):S122\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"775_CR2","first-page":"3022","volume-title":"Definition of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Is There a Consensus ?","author":"J Parvizi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Bs CJ. Definition of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Is There a Consensus ? 2011. p. 3022\u201330."},{"issue":"1","key":"775_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.112408.134306","volume":"64","author":"K Lewis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lewis K. Persister cells. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010;64(1):357\u201372.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"775_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00789","volume":"95","author":"B Zmistowski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zmistowski B, Karam JA, Durinka JB, Casper DS, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic joint infection increases the risk of one-year mortality. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95:2177\u201384.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"775_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551","volume":"69","author":"RL Siegel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69:7\u201334.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"775_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2007.10.034","volume":"86","author":"JJW Lagendijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lagendijk JJW, Raaymakers BW, Raaijmakers AJE, et al. MRI\/linac integration. Radiother Oncol. 2008;86(1):25\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"775_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3925","volume":"15","author":"SM Larson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Larson SM, Carrasquillo JA, Cheung NK. PO. Radioimmunotherapy of human tumours. Nat Rev Cancer. 2015;15(6):347\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"775_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"M Helal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Helal M, Dadachova E. Radioimmunotherapy as a novel approach in HIV, bacterial, and fungal infectious diseases. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2018;33(8):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Cancer Biother Radiopharm"},{"key":"775_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3.59.227","volume":"3","author":"WC Rontgen","year":"1896","unstructured":"Rontgen WC. On a new kind of rays. Science. 1896;3:227\u201331.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"775_CR10","first-page":"294","volume":"20","author":"JH Musser","year":"1905","unstructured":"Musser JH, Edsall DL. A study of metabolism in leukemia, under the influence of the x-ray. With a consideration of the manner of action of the x-ray and of some precautions desirable in its therapeutic use. Transact Assoc Am Phys. 1905;20:294.","journal-title":"Transact Assoc Am Phys"},{"key":"775_CR11","volume-title":"Unresolved pneumonia: successful treatment by R\u00f6ngen ray: AR Elliott","author":"AJ Quimby","year":"1916","unstructured":"Quimby AJ, Quimby WA. Unresolved pneumonia: successful treatment by R\u00f6ngen ray: AR Elliott; 1916."},{"key":"775_CR12","first-page":"158","volume":"38","author":"C Fried","year":"1928","unstructured":"Fried C. Die R\u00f6ntgentherapie der bronchopneumonia unter besonderer berucksichtigung der bronchopneumonia des kindesalters. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde. 1928;38:158.","journal-title":"Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde"},{"key":"775_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1925.01920130063011","volume":"30","author":"GN Krost","year":"1925","unstructured":"Krost GN. Unresolved pneumonia in children: treatment with roentgen ray. Am J Dis Child. 1925;30:57\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"775_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1938.02790010021004","volume":"110","author":"EV Powell","year":"1938","unstructured":"Powell EV. Roentgen therapy of lobar pneumonia. J Am Med Assoc. 1938;110:19\u201322.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"775_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1148\/38.3.281","volume":"38","author":"J Rousseau","year":"1942","unstructured":"Rousseau J, Johnson W, Harrell GT. The value of roentgen therapy in pneumonia which fails to respond to the sulfonamides. Radiology. 1942;38:281\u20139.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"775_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(43)80256-0","volume":"23","author":"A Oppenheimer","year":"1943","unstructured":"Oppenheimer A. Roentgen therapy of interstitial pneumonia. J Pediatr. 1943;23:534\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"775_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3109\/00016922609139490","volume":"6","author":"WE Chamberlain","year":"1926","unstructured":"Chamberlain WE. Roentgen therapy with very small doses: experience in lymphadenitis, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and certain infections. Acta Radiol. 1926;6:271\u201380.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"775_CR18","first-page":"555","volume":"86","author":"EJ Calabrese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G. How radiotherapy was historically used to treat pneumonia: could it be useful today? Yale J Biol Med. 2013;86:555\u201370.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"775_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198311000-00006","volume":"23","author":"GB Hart","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hart GB, Lamb RC, Strauss MB. Gas gangrene. J Trauma. 1983;23:991\u20131000.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"775_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1148\/37.4.421","volume":"37","author":"JF Kelly","year":"1941","unstructured":"Kelly JF, Dowell DA. Twelve-year review of x-ray therapy of gas gangrene. Radiology. 1941;37:421\u201339.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"775_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1148\/20.4.296","volume":"20","author":"JF Kelly","year":"1933","unstructured":"Kelly JF. The X-ray as an aid in the treatment of gas gangrene: Bacillus welchii infection\u2014preliminary report. Radiology. 1933;20:296\u2013304.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"775_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.66.2.181","volume":"66","author":"WH Taliaferro","year":"1951","unstructured":"Taliaferro WH, Taliaferro LG. Effect of x-rays on immunity; a review. J Immunol. 1951;66:181\u2013212.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"775_CR23","first-page":"123","volume":"52","author":"E Pendergrass","year":"1944","unstructured":"Pendergrass E, Hodes P, Griffith J. Effect of roentgen rays on the minute vessels of the skin in man. Amer J Roent. 1944;52:123\u20137.","journal-title":"Amer J Roent"},{"key":"775_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(39)90902-5","volume":"43","author":"E Coleman","year":"1939","unstructured":"Coleman E, Bennett D. Personal experiences with gas bacillus infection: a report of forty-one cases. Am J Surg. 1939;43:77\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"775_CR25","first-page":"626","volume":"10","author":"EJ Calabrese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G. The role of x-rays in the treatment of gas gangrene: a historical assessment. Dose Response. 2012;10:626\u201343.","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"issue":"1","key":"775_CR26","first-page":"39","volume":"7","author":"RR Coyle","year":"1906","unstructured":"Coyle RR. Odd and ends of x-ray work, including some cases of carbuncle. Med Electrol Radiol. 1906;7(1):39\u2013142.","journal-title":"Med Electrol Radiol"},{"key":"775_CR27","first-page":"259","volume":"3","author":"K Dunham","year":"1916","unstructured":"Dunham K. Treatment of carbuncles by the roentgen ray. Am J Roentgenol. 1916;3:259\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"775_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1931.02720320001001","volume":"96","author":"AU Desjardins","year":"1931","unstructured":"Desjardins AU. Radiotherapy for inflammatory conditions. J Am Med Assoc. 1931;96:401\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"775_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112467046","volume":"32","author":"EJ Calabrese","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calabrese EJ. X-ray treatment of carbuncles and furuncles (boils): a historical assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013;32(8):817\u201327.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"775_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199604000-00002","volume":"15","author":"CD Bluestone","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bluestone CD. Pathogenesis of otitis media: role of eustachian tube. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:281\u201391.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"775_CR31","first-page":"317","volume-title":"Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. 1958. Stb","author":"Radioactieve stoffenbesluit (Warenwet)","year":"1958","unstructured":"Radioactieve stoffenbesluit (Warenwet). Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. 1958. Stb; 1958. p. 317."},{"key":"775_CR32","first-page":"21","volume":"14","author":"H Heineke","year":"1905","unstructured":"Heineke H. Experimentelle Untersuchungen \u00fcber die Einwirkung der R\u00f6ntgenstrahlen auf innere Organe. Mitt Grenzgeb Med Chir. 1905;14:21.","journal-title":"Mitt Grenzgeb Med Chir"},{"key":"775_CR33","first-page":"449","volume":"20","author":"R Beattie","year":"1921","unstructured":"Beattie R. Treatment of subacute and chronic otitis media with use of X-ray. J Mich St Med Soc. 1921;20:449\u201351.","journal-title":"J Mich St Med Soc"},{"key":"775_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113493303","volume":"33","author":"E Calabrese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calabrese E, Dhawan G. Historical use of x-rays: treatment of inner ear infections and prevention of deafness. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2014;33:542\u201353.","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"775_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1939.02800070001001","volume":"112","author":"SJ Crowe","year":"1939","unstructured":"Crowe SJ, Baylor JW. The prevention of deafness. J Am Med Assoc. 1939;112:585\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"775_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1947.02880190012004","volume":"134","author":"SJ Crowe","year":"1947","unstructured":"Crowe SJ, Walzl EM. Irradiation of hyperplastic lymphoid tissue in the Nasopharynx. J Am Med Assoc. 1947;134:124\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"775_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909801101","volume":"98","author":"PG Verduijn","year":"1989","unstructured":"Verduijn PG, Hayes RB, Looman C, Habbema JD, van der Maas PJ. Mortality after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation for eustachian tube dysfunction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1989;98:839\u201344.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"775_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200209000-00011","volume":"13","author":"CM Ronckers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ronckers CM, Van Leeuwen FE, Hayes RB, Verduijn PG, Stovall M, et al. Cancer incidence after nasopharyngeal radium irradiation. Epidemiology. 2002;13:552\u201360.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"775_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201023260120","volume":"326","author":"AM Ducatman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ducatman AM, Farber SA. Radium exposure in U.S. military personnel. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:71\u20132.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"775_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/000348945406300314","volume":"63","author":"WG Hardy","year":"1954","unstructured":"Hardy WG, Bordley JE. Observations from a controlled study on the effect of nasopharyngeal irradiation in a group of school age children. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1954;63:816\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"775_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2307\/3579909","volume":"149","author":"AB Schneider","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schneider AB, Lubin J, Ron E, Abrahams C, Stovall M, et al. Salivary gland tumors after childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck: dose-response relationships. Radiat Res. 1998;149:625\u201330.","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"775_CR42","first-page":"3","volume":"68","author":"DP Sandler","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sandler DP, Comstock GW, Matanoski GM. Neoplasms following childhood radium irradiation of the nasopharynx. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982;68:3\u20138.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"775_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.8.749","volume":"153","author":"H Yeh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yeh H, Matanoski GM, Wang N, Sandler DP, Comstock GW. Cancer incidence after childhood nasopharyngeal radium irradiation: a follow-up study in Washington County. Maryland Am J Epidemiol. 2001;153:749\u201356.","journal-title":"Maryland Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"775_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197901000-00002","volume":"89","author":"WJ Loeb","year":"1979","unstructured":"Loeb WJ. Radiation therapy of the nasopharynx: a 30 year view. Laryngoscope. 1979;89:16\u201321.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"775_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.12.016","volume":"93","author":"K Graamans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graamans K. Nasopharyngeal radium irradiation: the lessons of history. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;93:53\u201362.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"june","key":"775_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2394","volume":"8","author":"K Strebhardt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strebhardt K, Ullrich A. Strebhardt & Ulrich 2008 Paul Ehrlichs magic bullet concept. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(june):473\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"775_CR47","first-page":"163","volume-title":"Peteosthor \u2013 a medical disaster due to Radium-224","author":"H Spiess","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spiess H. Peteosthor \u2013 a medical disaster due to Radium-224; 2002. p. 163\u201372."},{"key":"775_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wick RR, Gossner W. History and current uses of 224 Ra in ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases. Environ Int. 1993;19:467\u201373.","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(93)90272-J"},{"issue":"September","key":"775_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/41483","volume":"388","author":"JF Tomb","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tomb JF, White O, Kerlavage AR, Al E, Tomb J-F, et al. The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Nature. 1997;388(September):539\u201347.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"775_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-008-0197-1","volume":"22","author":"A Gholamrezanezhad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gholamrezanezhad A, Mirpour S, Saghari M, Abdollahzadeh J, Pourmoslemi A, Yarmand S. Radio-iodine therapy and helicobacter pylori infection. Ann Nucl Med. 2008;22(10):917\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Nucl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"775_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000519","volume":"39","author":"A Arduc","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arduc A, Dogan BA, Ozuguz U, et al. The effect of radioactive iodine treatment on 14C urea breath test results in patients with hyperthyroidism. Clin Nucl Med. 2014;39(12):1022\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"775_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2012.03.001","volume":"23","author":"H Shmuely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shmuely H, Friedman M, Aronov I, et al. The effect of radioiodine on eradication of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with thyroid cancer-a pilot study. Oper Tech Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2012;23(3):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"775_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1301-142","volume":"44","author":"CA Usluogullari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Usluogullari CA, Demir OE, Ozdemir E, et al. What is the effect of radioiodine therapy on Helicobacterpylori infection? Turkish J Med Sci. 2014;44(3):520\u20133.","journal-title":"Turkish J Med Sci"},{"key":"775_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chabner BA, Roberts Jr TGR. Chemotherapy and the War on Cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2005;5(1):65\u201372.","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1529"},{"issue":"4","key":"775_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.09.008","volume":"76","author":"WD Joo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joo WD, Visintin I, Mor G, Sciences R, Haven N. Targeted cancer therapy \u2013 Are the days of systemic chemotherapy numbered? Maturitas. 2013;76(4):308\u201314.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"issue":"9","key":"775_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1137","volume":"23","author":"GP Adams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adams GP, Weiner LM. Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer. Nat Biotechnol. 2005;23(9):1147\u201357.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"775_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00120-06","volume":"50","author":"LR Martinez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez LR, Bryan RA, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A, Casadevall A, Dadachova E. Antibody-guided alpha radiation effectively damages fungal biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(6):2132\u20136.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"19","key":"775_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1731272100","volume":"100","author":"E Dadachova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dadachova E, Nakouzi A, Bryan RA, Casadevall A. Ionizing radiation delivered by specific antibody is therapeutic against a fungal infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(19):10942\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"775_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1086\/654813","volume":"202","author":"RA Bryan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bryan RA, Jiang Z, Howell RC, et al. Radioimmunotherapy is more effective than antifungal treatment in experimental Cryptococcal infection. J Infect Dis. 2010;202(4):633\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"775_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1624-1629.2004","volume":"48","author":"E Dadachova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dadachova E, Burns T, Bryan RA, et al. Feasibility of radioimmunotherapy of experimental pneumococcal infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004;48(5):1624\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"775_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4860","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01269-08","volume":"53","author":"J Rivera","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rivera J, Nakouzi AS, Morgenstern A, Bruchertseifer F, Dadachova E, Casadevall A. Radiolabeled antibodies to Bacillus anthracis toxins are bactericidal and partially therapeutic in experimental murine anthrax. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(11):4860\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"775_CR62","volume-title":"Klinische Wochenschrift","author":"CJ Tietz","year":"1950","unstructured":"Tietz CJ, Spiess H. \u00dcber die Hemmwirkung des Peteosthor und seiner Komponenten auf das Wachstum humaner Tuberkelbakterien in vitro. In: Klinische Wochenschrift; 1950."},{"issue":"NOV","key":"775_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"P Bannas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bannas P, Hambach J, Koch-Nolte F. Nanobodies and nanobody-based human heavy chain antibodies as antitumor therapeutics. Front Immunol. 2017;8(NOV):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"775_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","volume":"369","author":"C Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(3):213\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"775_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.01.034","volume":"465","author":"R Ter Heine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ter Heine R, Lange R, Breukels OB, et al. Bench to bedside development of GMP grade Rhenium-188-HEDP, a radiopharmaceutical for targeted treatment of painful bone metastases. Int J Pharm. 2014;465(1\u20132):317\u201324.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T03:48:46Z","timestamp":1696477726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-020-00775-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"121"}}