{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T18:17:19Z","timestamp":1792693039120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are among the most frequent\u00a0healthcare-associated infections in the world. They are associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay and increased healthcare costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the noble metal alloy (NMA) coated BIP Foley Catheter in preventing the incidence of symptomatic CAUTI in a large cohort of patients in India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Methods<\/jats:title>\n This multi-center, prospective study included 1000 adult patients admitted to six hospitals across India for urology, surgery and ICU requiring urethral catheterization and admission for\u2009\u2265\u200948\u00a0h. Patients were allocated to the NMA-coated BIP Foley Catheter group or a non-coated control catheter group, with a randomization ratio of 3:1. CAUTI surveillance was conducted at study entry, upon catheter removal, and 2\u00a0days after catheter removal. For statistical analysis, categorical data (e.g. gender) were compared using the chi-square or Fischer test, and numerical data were compared using the two-sample t<\/jats:italic>-test. Associations were evaluated using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Results and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The incidence of symptomatic CAUTI was reduced by 69% in the BIP Foley Catheter group compared to the control group (6.5 vs 20.8 CAUTI\/1000 catheter days), with an incidence rate ratio of 0.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.21\u20130.46; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.001). A reduction in the cumulative CAUTI incidence was evident in the BIP Foley Catheter group within 3\u00a0days after catheterization; this reduction was maintained up to\u2009~\u200930\u00a0days, and the largest reductions were seen between 3 and 11\u00a0days. There were no serious adverse events related to either catheter, and the percentage of patients with\u2009\u2265\u20091 adverse event was significantly lower in the NMA-coated BIP Foley Catheter group than in the control group (21.6% vs. 48.4%; p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). In conclusion, the NMA-coated BIP Foley Catheter was effective in reducing CAUTI and was well tolerated, with a lower incidence of adverse events compared to the uncoated catheter.<\/jats:p>\n Trial registration<\/jats:italic> This study was registered prospectively (28 September 2015) in the Clinical Trials Registry of India (trial number CTRI\/2015\/09\/006220; http:\/\/ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/showallp.php?mid1=12631&EncHid=&userName=bactiguard<\/jats:ext-link>).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00907-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,11]],"date-time":"2021-03-11T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1615467792000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Foley catheter with noble metal alloy coating for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a large, multi-center clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-3163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylva","family":"Kai-Larsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Grass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaumik","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hargovind L.","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip. K.","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikash","family":"Bawari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrawan. K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"907_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.41","volume":"146","author":"LG Glance","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glance LG, Stone PW, Mukamel DB, Dick AW. Increases in mortality, length of stay, and cost associated with hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients. Arch Surg. 2011;146(7):794\u2013801.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"907_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/80135\/9789241501507_eng.pdf?sequence=1. World Health Organization. 2011."},{"key":"907_CR3","unstructured":"WHO Health care-associated infections FACT SHEET. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/gpsc\/country_work\/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en.pdf."},{"key":"907_CR4","unstructured":"Prevention CfDCa. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/HAI\/prevent\/prevention.html. Page last reviewed: November 13, 2015."},{"issue":"7","key":"907_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.01.015","volume":"46","author":"CS Hollenbeak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hollenbeak CS, Schilling AL. The attributable cost of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the United States: a systematic review. 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Participants provided written, informed consent before any study-related procedures were performed. For illiterate patients, a thumb-print signifying verbal consent along with a signature from a legally acceptable representative was obtained.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The co-authors have agreed to allow the corresponding author to serve as the primary correspondent with the editorial office, and to review the edited typescript and proof for final publication.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Bactiguard was the sponsor of this study, and the authors SG and YKL are Bactiguard employees\/stock owners. No other authors have any conflict of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}