{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:32:22Z","timestamp":1793424742055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overcrowding, abuse of antibiotics and increasing antimicrobial resistance negatively affect neonatal survival rates in developing countries. We aimed to define pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of early-onset sepsis (EOS), hospital-acquired late-onset sepsis (HALOS) and community-acquired late-onset sepsis (CALOS) in 25 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective descriptive study included pathogens and their AMR from all neonates with bloodstream infections (BSIs) admitted to 25 tertiary hospitals in China from January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019. We defined EOS as the occurrence of BSI at or before 72\u00a0h of life and late-onset sepsis (LOS) if BSI occurred after 72\u00a0h of life. LOS were classified as CALOS if occurrence of BSI was\u2009\u2264\u200948\u00a0h after admission, and HALOS, if occurrence was\u2009&gt;\u200948\u00a0h after admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1092 pathogens of BSIs in 1088 infants from 25 NICUs. Thirty-two percent of all pathogens were responsible for EOS, 64.3% HALOS, and 3.7% CALOS. Gram-negative (GN) bacteria accounted for a majority of pathogens in EOS (56.7%) and HALOS (62.2%). The most frequent pathogens causing EOS were\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (27.2%) and\n                      <jats:italic>group B streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>GBS<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; 14.6%) whereas in CALOS they were\n                      <jats:italic>GBS<\/jats:italic>\n                      (46.3%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (41.5%).\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (27.9%),\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (15.7%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Fungi<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12.8%) were the top three isolates in HALOS. Third-generation cephalosporin resistance rates in GN bacteria ranged from 9.7 to 55.6% in EOS and 26% to 63.3% in HALOS. Carbapenem resistance rates in GN bacteria ranged from 2.7 to 31.3% in HALOS and only six isolates in EOS were carbapenem resistant. High rates of multidrug resistance were observed in\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (60.7%) in HALOS and in\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (44.4%) in EOS. All gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to vancomycin except for three\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in HALOS. All-cause mortality was higher among neonates with EOS than HALOS (7.4% VS 4.4%, [OR] 0.577, 95% CI 0.337\u20130.989;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>GBS<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the leading pathogens in EOS, HALOS and CALOS, respectively. The high proportion of pathogens and high degree of antimicrobial resistance in HALOS underscore understanding of the pathogenesis and emphasise the need to devise effective interventions in developing countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T05:04:23Z","timestamp":1629090263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Pathogens distribution and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections in twenty-five neonatal intensive care units in China, 2017\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zengyu","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjie","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaofeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delong","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexue","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renxia","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiying","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fudong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9966","key":"989_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","volume":"385","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000\u201313, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. The Lancet. 2015;385(9966):430\u201340.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"10100","key":"989_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","volume":"390","author":"M Naghavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naghavi M, Abajobir AA, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151\u2013210.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"989_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k5314","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k5314","volume":"364","author":"S Chaurasia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chaurasia S, Sivanandan S, Agarwal R, Ellis S, Sharland M, Sankar MJ. Neonatal sepsis in South Asia: huge burden and spiralling antimicrobial resistance. BMJ. 2019;364:k5314.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"989_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1066","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30362-5","volume":"5","author":"L Folgori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Folgori L, Ellis SJ, Bielicki JA, Heath PT, Sharland M, Balasegaram M. Tackling antimicrobial resistance in neonatal sepsis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(11):e1066\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"989_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3393","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3393","volume":"358","author":"F Chereau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chereau F, Opatowski L, Tourdjman M, Vong S. Risk assessment for antibiotic resistance in South East Asia. BMJ. 2017;358:j3393.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"989_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109324","volume":"9","author":"M Hongsuwan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hongsuwan M, Srisamang P, Kanoksil M, Luangasanatip N, Jatapai A, Day NP, et al. Increasing incidence of hospital-acquired and healthcare-associated bacteremia in northeast Thailand: a multicenter surveillance study. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(10):e109324.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"989_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0225-9","volume":"6","author":"L Mohsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohsen L, Ramy N, Saied D, Akmal D, Salama N, Abdel Haleim MM, et al. Emerging antimicrobial resistance in early and late-onset neonatal sepsis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2017;6:63.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"989_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F293","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-315024","volume":"104","author":"D Gkentzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gkentzi D, Kortsalioudaki C, Cailes BC, Zaoutis T, Kopsidas J, Tsolia M, et al. Epidemiology of infections and antimicrobial use in Greek Neonatal Units. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(3):F293\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"989_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schrag SJ, Farley MM, Petit S, Reingold A, Weston EJ, Pondo T, et al. Epidemiology of invasive early-onset neonatal sepsis, 2005 to 2014. Pediatrics. 2016;138(6):e20162013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-2013.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2013"},{"key":"989_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.04.794","volume":"71","author":"JY Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li JY, Chen SQ, Yan YY, Hu YY, Wei J, Wu QP, et al. Identification and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in neonatal septicemia in China\u2014a meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2018;71:89\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"989_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3797","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S223597","volume":"12","author":"K Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao K, Fu J, Guan X, Zhu S, Zeng L, Xu X, et al. Incidence, bacterial profiles, and antimicrobial resistance of culture-proven neonatal sepsis In South China. Infect Drug Resist. 2019;12:3797\u2013805.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"989_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.034","volume":"96","author":"S Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang S, Yang C, Yang C, Yan W, Shah V, Shah PS, et al. Epidemiology and microbiology of late-onset sepsis among preterm infants in China, 2015\u20132018: a cohort study. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;96:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"989_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002492","volume":"38","author":"S Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang S, Hong L, Gai J, Shi J, Yang Y, Lee SK, et al. Early-onset sepsis among preterm neonates in China, 2015 to 2018. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019;38(12):1236\u201341.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"989_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.05.048","volume":"201","author":"E Giannoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giannoni E, Agyeman PKA, Stocker M, Posfay-Barbe KM, Heininger U, Spycher BD, et al. Neonatal sepsis of early onset, and hospital-acquired and community-acquired late onset: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Pediatr. 2018;201:106-114 e4.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"989_CR15","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Nineteenth Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA: CLSI. 2017."},{"key":"989_CR16","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Nineteenth Informational Supplement. Wayne, PA: CLSI. 2018."},{"issue":"10","key":"989_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30082-2","volume":"16","author":"EJA Fitchett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fitchett EJA, Seale AC, Vergnano S, Sharland M, Heath PT, Saha SK, et al. Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology for newborn infection (STROBE-NI): an extension of the STROBE statement for neonatal infection research. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16(10):e202\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10104","key":"989_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31002-4","volume":"390","author":"AL Shane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shane AL, S\u00e1nchez PJ, Stoll BJ. Neonatal sepsis. Lancet. 2017;390(10104):1770\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"989_CR19","first-page":"897","volume":"41","author":"Chinese Pediatric Society","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chinese Pediatric Society. Chinese consensus of diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Chin J Peditr. 2003;41(12):897\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Peditr"},{"issue":"6","key":"989_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F547","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313203","volume":"103","author":"B Cailes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cailes B, Kortsalioudaki C, Buttery J, Pattnayak S, Greenough A, Matthes J, et al. Epidemiology of UK neonatal infections: the neonIN infection surveillance network. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(6):F547\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR21","first-page":"252","volume":"57","author":"Chinese Pediatric Society","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chinese Pediatric Society. Chinese consensus of diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Chin J Peditr. 2019;57(4):252\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin J Peditr"},{"issue":"5","key":"989_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F474","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313238","volume":"103","author":"B Cailes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cailes B, Kortsalioudaki C, Buttery J, Pattnayak S, Greenough A, Matthes J, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in UK neonatal units: neonIN infection surveillance network. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2018;103(5):F474\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"989_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"989_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson J, Robinson ML, Rajput UC, Valvi C, Kinikar A, Parikh TB, et al. High burden of bloodstream infections associated with antimicrobial resistance and mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit in Pune, India. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(2):271\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa554.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa554"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1086\/668777","volume":"34","author":"LL Washer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Washer LL, Chenoweth C, Kim HW, et al. Blood culture contamination: a randomized trial evaluating the comparative effectiveness of 3 skin antiseptic interventions. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013;34(1):15\u201321.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"989_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.03.030","volume":"24","author":"S Darg\u00e8re","year":"2018","unstructured":"Darg\u00e8re S, Cormier H, Verdon R. Contaminants in blood cultures: importance, implications, interpretation and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(9):964\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00009","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00009-19","volume":"33","author":"GV Doern","year":"2019","unstructured":"Doern GV, Carroll KC, Diekema DJ, et al. Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: a comprehensive update on the problem of blood culture contamination and a discussion of methods for addressing the problem. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;33(1):e00009-19.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"989_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.11.004","volume":"83","author":"DJ Harvey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harvey DJ, Albert S. Standardized definition of contamination and evidence-based target necessary for high-quality blood culture contamination rate audit. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83(3):265\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20180244","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-0244","volume":"142","author":"RE El Feghaly","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Feghaly RE, Chatterjee J, Dowdy K, et al. A Quality improvement initiative: reducing blood culture contamination in a Children\u2019s Hospital. Pediatrics. 2018;142(4):e20180244.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"989_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.10.017","volume":"83","author":"F Abdel-Wahab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdel-Wahab F, Ghoneim M, Khashaba M, El-Gilany AH, Abdel-Hady D. Nosocomial infection surveillance in an Egyptian neonatal intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect. 2013;83(3):196\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"9465","key":"989_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71881-X","volume":"365","author":"AKM Zaidi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zaidi AKM, Huskins WC, Thaver D, Bhutta ZA, Abbas Z, Goldmann DA. Hospital-acquired neonatal infections in developing countries. The Lancet. 2005;365(9465):1175\u201388.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"989_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1086\/660361","volume":"32","author":"N Jean-Baptiste","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jean-Baptiste N, Benjamin DK Jr, Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Fowler VG Jr, Laughon M, Clark RH, et al. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32(7):679\u201386.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"989_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Von Dolinger de Brito D, de Almeida Silva H, Jose Oliveira E, Arantes A, Abdallah VO, Tannus Jorge M, et al. Effect of neonatal intensive care unit environment on the incidence of hospital-acquired infection in neonates. J Hosp Infect. 2007;65(4):314\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.01.038"},{"issue":"1","key":"989_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2423-8","volume":"17","author":"J Fu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fu J, Ding Y, Wei B, Wang L, Xu S, Qin P, et al. Epidemiology of Candida albicans and non-C. albicans of neonatal candidemia at a tertiary care hospital in western China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):329.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"989_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.026","volume":"44","author":"J Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu J, Wang X, Wei B, Jiang Y, Chen J. Risk factors and clinical analysis of candidemia in very-low-birth-weight neonates. Am J Infect Control. 2016;44(11):1321\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0671","volume":"133","author":"S Aliaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aliaga S, Clark RH, Laughon M, Walsh TJ, Hope WW, Benjamin DK, et al. Changes in the incidence of candidiasis in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatrics. 2014;133(2):236\u201342.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"989_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200593","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.0593","volume":"174","author":"BJ Stoll","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoll BJ, Puopolo KM, Hansen NI, Sanchez PJ, Bell EF, Carlo WA, et al. Early-onset neonatal sepsis 2015 to 2017, the rise of Escherichia coli, and the need for novel prevention strategies. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(7):e200593.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"989_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russell NJ, Seale AC, O'Driscoll M, O'Sullivan C, Bianchi-Jassir F, Gonzalez-Guarin J, et al. Maternal Colonization With Group B Streptococcus and Serotype Distribution Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(suppl_2):S100\u2013S11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cix658.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix658"},{"issue":"2","key":"989_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1248","volume":"133","author":"MH Tsai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsai MH, Chu SM, Hsu JF, Lien R, Huang HR, Chiang MC, et al. Risk factors and outcomes for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteremia in the NICU. Pediatrics. 2014;133(2):e322\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"989_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-017-0034-5","volume":"13","author":"Y Dong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dong Y, Jiang SY, Zhou Q, Cao Y. Group B Streptococcus causes severe sepsis in term neonates: 8 years experience of a major Chinese neonatal unit. World J Pediatr. 2017;13(4):314\u201320.","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T05:20:49Z","timestamp":1629091249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00989-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-145861\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University approved this project. All authors have signed written informed consent and approved the submission of this version of the manuscript and take full responsibility for the manuscript. The legal guardian of all participants signed an informed consent form that their data could be used for various clinical studies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"121"}}