{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T22:39:01Z","timestamp":1775515141162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]},{"name":"Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) Branch, US","award":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ProMIS ID P0028_18_N3_2.1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unregulated and inappropriate antimicrobial use are major contributors to the evolution of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. It is important to monitor and collect data on the use of antibiotics at health facilities and in the general population in order to support antimicrobial stewardship programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of a gonorrhea surveillance study that was conducted from June 2012 to Jan 2018, we administered a questionnaire to elicit information on the types of antimicrobials used by individuals to treat symptoms of a gonorrhea infection prior to presenting at five health facilities in Southern Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Almost one-third (383\/1,349; 28%) of study participants admitted taking one or more antimicrobial types before hospital presentation, while 138\/383 (36%) of those who took antimicrobials could not remember what they ingested. A greater percentage of individuals who reported prior antimicrobial use before presentation at a health facility tested positive for gonorrhea by NAAT (30%), in contrast to 24% for those without prior treatment (p\u2009=\u20090.004). Penicillin and its derivatives, as well as ciprofloxacin and doxycycline, were the most used, while a few individuals reported taking drugs such as kanamycin and rifampin. Males were more likely than females to take an antimicrobial prior to attending a health center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In order to curb excessive and inappropriate antimicrobial use, antibiotics used by patients before presenting at hospitals ought to be investigated by healthcare providers. It is recommended that health professionals receive continuing education on the consequences of unregulated antimicrobial use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T12:01:59Z","timestamp":1702468919000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antimicrobial use of patients with sexually transmitted infection symptoms prior to presentation at five health facilities in Southern Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Naiki","family":"Attram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Dela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Behene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas N.A.","family":"Kyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Ocansey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Yanney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward O.","family":"Nyarko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kennedy K.","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo A.","family":"Koram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Letizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terrel","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1351_CR1","unstructured":"W.H.O., Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. 2015."},{"key":"1351_CR2","unstructured":"Laxminarayan. RDLH. Challenges of drug resistance in the developing world: short communication. British Medical Journal. 2012."},{"key":"1351_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin J, Leah FM, Dor\u00e9 K, Buxton JA, Pollari F, Henry B, Middleton D, Ahmed R, Jamieson F, Ciebin B, McEwen SA, Wilson JB. Multi-provincial Salmonella Typhimurium Case-Control Study Steering Committee. Increased burden of Illness associated with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium Infections. J Infect Dis. 2004;189(3).","DOI":"10.1086\/381270"},{"key":"1351_CR4","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill J. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: Final report and recommendations. 2016."},{"key":"1351_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadesse BT, Ongarello AEA, Havumaki S, Wijegoonewardena J, Gonz\u00e1lez M IJ, Dittrich S. Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a systematic review. 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Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2018. 52(6).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.022"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T12:05:41Z","timestamp":1702469141000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01351-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3356374\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 September 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Noguchi Memorial Institute Institutional Review Board (Ethical code number: 054\/11\u201312, Date of approval: 03\/02\/2012), 37-Military Hospital Institutional Review Board (Ethical code number: 085\/2017, Date of approval: 21\/03\/2017), and the Naval Medical Research Centre Institutional Review Board (Ethical code number: NAMRU3.2012.0007; Date of approval: 15\/05\/2018) in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal regulations governing the protection of human subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest. Commander Andrew Letizia and Lieutenant Commander Sanders are U.S. military service members, while Dr. Naiki Attram is an employee of the U.S. Government. This work was prepared as part of their official duties. Title 17, U.S.C., \u00a7\u00a0105 provides that copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the U.S. Government. Title 17, U.S.C., \u00a7\u00a0101 defines a U.S. Government work as work prepared by a military service member or employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person\u2019s official duties. The funders had no role in the study design, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in writing the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"146"}}