{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:15:23Z","timestamp":1787598923598,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CFRPG8M0011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CFRPG8M0011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>, a multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB), is an emerging nosocomial pathogen. This study assessed the clinical outcomes of GNB infections in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients post-abdominal surgery, focusing on the differences between <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> and other GNBs, including <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted on SICU patients at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2010 to 2020, who developed GNB infections following abdominal surgery.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 442 patients, 237 had <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> and 205 had non-<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> GNB infections (including 81 with <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>). The overall mortality rate was 44.5%, and <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> infection emerged as a significant contributor to the mortality rate in patients with GNB infections. <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> patients had longer mechanical ventilation and SICU stays, with a 30-day mortality rate of 35.4%, higher than the non-<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> GNB (22.9%) and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (21%) groups. In-hospital mortality was also higher in the <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> group (53.2%) compared to the non-<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> GNB (34.6%) and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> groups (29.6%). Risk factors for acquiring <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> included a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and prior broad-spectrum antibiotics use. Older age, polymicrobial infections, and elevated bilirubin were associated with increased 30-day mortality in <jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> infections in post-abdominal surgery patients are linked to higher mortality than non-<jats:italic>S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic> GNB and <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infections, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:02:17Z","timestamp":1718668937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gram-negative bacterial infections in surgical intensive care unit patients following abdominal surgery: high mortality associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ting-Lung","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Hsun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueh-Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Chi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ing-Kit","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1754","volume":"302","author":"J-L Vincent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vincent J-L, Rello J, Marshall J, Silva E, Anzueto A, Martin CD, et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA. 2009;302:2323\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.1754.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1411_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccm.0000194725.48928.3a","volume":"34","author":"J-L Vincent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vincent J-L, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, Ranieri VM, Reinhart K, Gerlach H, et al. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:344\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ccm.0000194725.48928.3a.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1411_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0926-5","volume":"19","author":"ST Micek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Micek ST, Wunderink RG, Kollef MH, Chen C, Rello J, Chastre J, et al. An international multicenter retrospective study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nosocomial pneumonia: impact of multidrug resistance. Crit Care. 2015;19:219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-015-0926-5.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1411_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2828-9","volume":"39","author":"M Tumbarello","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tumbarello M, De Pascale G, Trecarichi EM, Spanu T, Antonicelli F, Maviglia R, et al. Clinical outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39:682\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-013-2828-9.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1411_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S104","DOI":"10.1086\/320183","volume":"32","author":"AC Gales","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gales AC, Jones RN, Forward KR, Li\u00f1ares J, Sader HS, Verhoef J. Emerging importance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as pathogens in seriously ill patients: geographic patterns, epidemiological features, and trends in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997\u20131999). Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(Suppl 2):S104\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/320183.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1411_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1086\/501668","volume":"20","author":"N Alfieri","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alfieri N, Ramotar K, Armstrong P, Spornitz ME, Ross G, Winnick J, et al. Two consecutive outbreaks of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Xanthomonas maltophilia) in an intensive-care unit defined by restriction fragment-length polymorphism typing. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1999;20:553\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/501668.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"1411_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18916","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18916","volume":"13","author":"T Tuncel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuncel T, Akal\u0131n H, Payasl\u0131o\u011flu M, Y\u0131lmaz E, Kazak E, Heper Y, et al. Healthcare-Associated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia: retrospective evaluation of treatment and outcome. Cureus. 2021;13:e18916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.18916.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1411_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R143","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5063","volume":"10","author":"S Nseir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nseir S, Di Pompeo C, Brisson H, Dewavrin F, Tissier S, Diarra M, et al. Intensive care unit-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Crit Care. 2006;10:R143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc5063.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1411_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.10.021","volume":"80","author":"W Ibn Saied","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ibn Saied W, Merceron S, Schwebel C, Le Monnier A, Oziel J, Garrouste-Orgeas M, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: risk factors and outcome. J Infect. 2020;80:279\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.10.021.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"1411_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.09.021","volume":"119","author":"T-L Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin T-L, Chang P-H, Chen I-L, Lai W-H, Chen Y-J, Li W-F, et al. Risk factors and mortality associated with multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infection in adult patients following abdominal surgery. J Hosp Infect. 2022;119:22\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.09.021.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1411_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1086\/646136","volume":"11","author":"LS Elting","year":"1990","unstructured":"Elting LS, Khardori N, Bodey GP, Fainstein V. Nosocomial infection caused by Xanthomonas maltophilia: a case-control study of predisposing factors. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990;11:134\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/646136.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"1411_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1086\/341022","volume":"35","author":"SD Hanes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hanes SD, Demirkan K, Tolley E, Boucher BA, Croce MA, Wood GC, et al. Risk factors for late-onset nosocomial pneumonia caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in critically ill trauma patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:228\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/341022.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1411_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The Third International Consensus definitions for Sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801\u201310.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1411_CR14","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 33rd ed. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2023. CLSI supplement M100."},{"key":"1411_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"1411_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendon\u00e7a A, Bruining H, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-related problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 1996;22:707\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01709751.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1411_CR17","volume-title":"American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. StatPearls","author":"DJ Doyle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Doyle DJ, Goyal A, Garmon EH. American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022."},{"key":"1411_CR18","volume-title":"Surgical Site infection (SSI) event","author":"National Healthcare Safety Network","year":"2013","unstructured":"National Healthcare Safety Network. Surgical Site infection (SSI) event. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2013. n.d."},{"key":"1411_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R42","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4854","volume":"10","author":"DA Harrison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harrison DA, Welch CA, Eddleston JM. The epidemiology of severe sepsis in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, 1996 to 2004: secondary analysis of a high quality clinical database, the ICNARC Case Mix Programme database. Crit Care. 2006;10:R42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc4854.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1411_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260960.94300.DE","volume":"35","author":"A Esteban","year":"2007","unstructured":"Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, Pe\u00f1uelas O, Lorente JA, Gordo F, et al. Sepsis incidence and outcome: contrasting the intensive care unit with the hospital ward. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:1284\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.CCM.0000260960.94300.DE.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1411_CR21","first-page":"13","volume":"76","author":"P Malacarne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malacarne P, Boccalatte D, Acquarolo A, Agostini F, Anghileri A, Giardino M, et al. Epidemiology of nosocomial infection in 125 Italian intensive care units. Minerva Anestesiol. 2010;76:13\u201323.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"1411_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2649-5","volume":"23","author":"P Guerci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guerci P, Bellut H, Mokhtari M, Gaudefroy J, Mongardon N, Charpentier C, et al. Outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia hospital-acquired pneumonia in intensive care unit: a nationwide retrospective study. Crit Care. 2019;23:371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2649-5.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1411_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.011","volume":"111","author":"W Imoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Imoto W, Yamada K, Kuwabara G, Yamairi K, Shibata W, Oshima K, et al. In which cases of pneumonia should we consider treatments for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia? J Hosp Infect. 2021;111:169\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.011.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1411_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112208","volume":"9","author":"G Hotta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hotta G, Matsumura Y, Kato K, Nakano S, Yunoki T, Yamamoto M, et al. Risk factors and outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia: a comparison with bacteraemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. PLoS ONE. 2014;9:e112208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0112208.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1411_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S180283","volume":"11","author":"T Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhang Y, Wan Q. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among liver transplant recipients. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2345\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IDR.S180283.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"1411_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-012-1424-3","volume":"91","author":"C Cattaneo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cattaneo C, Antoniazzi F, Casari S, Ravizzola G, Gelmi M, Pagani C, et al. P. Aeruginosa bloodstream infections among hematological patients: an old or new question? Ann Hematol. 2012;91:1299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00277-012-1424-3.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"1411_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440170139015","volume":"156","author":"F Vidal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vidal F, Mensa J, Almela M, Mart\u00ednez JA, Marco F, Casals C, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, with special emphasis on the influence of antibiotic treatment. Analysis of 189 episodes. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2121\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1411_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.004","volume":"55","author":"T Babich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babich T, Naucler P, Valik JK, Giske CG, Benito N, Cardona R, et al. Risk factors for mortality among patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia: a retrospective multicentre study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.11.004.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1411_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu866","volume":"60","author":"C Pe\u00f1a","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a C, Cabot G, G\u00f3mez-Zorrilla S, Zamorano L, Ocampo-Sosa A, Murillas J, et al. Influence of virulence genotype and resistance profile in the mortality of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:539\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciu866.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1411_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13061106","volume":"13","author":"D George","year":"2023","unstructured":"George D, Jos\u00e9 GM, Elisabeth P, Antonio GP, Charalambos G, Maria A-P, et al. Upraising Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in critically ill patients: a new enemy? Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13:1106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13061106.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"1411_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2007.19.6.658","volume":"19","author":"O Tunger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tunger O, Vural S, Cetin CB, Keles G, Borand H, Gazi H. Clinical aspects and risk factors of nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia episodes in a Turkish intensive care unit. J Chemother. 2007;19:658\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/joc.2007.19.6.658.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"1411_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.05.020","volume":"70","author":"JIG Paez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paez JIG, Costa SF. Risk factors associated with mortality of infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review. J Hosp Infect. 2008;70:101\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.05.020.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1411_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2013.06.005","volume":"1","author":"M Pavlaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pavlaki M, Poulakou G, Drimousis P, Adamis G, Apostolidou E, Gatselis NK, et al. Polymicrobial bloodstream infections: epidemiology and impact on mortality. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2013;1:207\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2013.06.005.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1411_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00871.x","volume":"17","author":"J-N Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin J-N, Lai C-H, Chen Y-H, Chang L-L, Lu P-L, Tsai S-S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of polymicrobial bloodstream infections in the emergency department: a matched case-control study. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17:1072\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00871.x.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"1411_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.12.009","volume":"59","author":"FE McKenzie","year":"2006","unstructured":"McKenzie FE. Case mortality in polymicrobial bloodstream infections. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;59:760\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.12.009.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1411_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2006.09.007","volume":"86","author":"V Bansal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bansal V, Schuchert VD. Jaundice in the intensive care unit. Surg Clin North Am. 2006;86:1495\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2006.09.007.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"1411_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066613488739","volume":"30","author":"JJ Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel JJ, Taneja A, Niccum D, Kumar G, Jacobs E, Nanchal R. The association of serum bilirubin levels on the outcomes of severe sepsis. J Intensive Care Med. 2015;30:23\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0885066613488739.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T00:12:14Z","timestamp":1718669534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01411-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"65"}}