{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:28:07Z","timestamp":1792794487798,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although uncommon, infections associated with peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) may be responsible for severe life-threatening complications and increase healthcare costs. Few data are available on the relationship between PIVC insertion site and risk of infectious complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a post hoc analysis of the CLEAN 3 database, a randomized 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial study comparing two skin disinfection procedures (2% chlorhexidine-alcohol or 5% povidone iodine-alcohol) and two types of medical devices (innovative or standard) in 989 adults patients requiring PIVC insertion before admission to a medical ward. Insertion sites were grouped into five areas: hand, wrist, forearm, cubital fossa and upper arm. We evaluated the risk of risk of PIVC colonization (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, tip culture eluate in broth showing at least one microorganism in a concentration of at least 1000 Colony Forming Units per mL) and\/or local infection (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, organisms growing from purulent discharge at PIVC insertion site with no evidence of associated bloodstream infection), and the risk of positive PIVC tip culture (<jats:italic>i.e.<\/jats:italic>, PIVC-tip culture eluate in broth showing at least one microorganism regardless of its amount) using multivariate Cox models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Eight hundred twenty three PIVCs with known insertion site and sent to the laboratory for quantitative culture were included. After adjustment for confounding factors, PIVC insertion at the cubital fossa or wrist was associated with increased risk of PIVC colonization and\/or local infection (HR [95% CI], 1.64 [0.92\u20142.93] and 2.11 [1.08\u20144.13]) and of positive PIVC tip culture (HR [95% CI], 1.49 [1.02\u20142.18] and 1.59 [0.98\u20142.59]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PIVC insertion at the wrist or cubital fossa should be avoided whenever possible to reduce the risk of catheter colonization and\/or local infection and of positive PIVC tip culture.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T04:01:42Z","timestamp":1717560102000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Insertion site and risk of peripheral intravenous catheter colonization and\/or local infection: a post hoc analysis of the CLEAN 3 study including more than 800 catheters"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Drugeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Marjanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Boisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Buetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Mimoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9my","family":"Guenezan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1414_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(09)70565-5","volume":"34","author":"W Zingg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zingg W, Pittet D. Peripheral venous catheters: an under-evaluated problem. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009;34:S38-42.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"10145","key":"1414_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31380-1","volume":"392","author":"CM Rickard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rickard CM, Marsh N, Webster J, Runnegar N, Larsen E, McGrail MR, et al. Dressings and securements for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter failure in adults (SAVE): a pragmatic, randomised controlled, superiority trial. The Lancet. 2018;392(10145):419\u201330.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1414_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000100","volume":"38","author":"RE Helm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Helm RE, Klausner JD, Klemperer JD, Flint LM, Huang E. Accepted but unacceptable: peripheral IV catheter failure. J Infus Nurs. 2015;38(3):189\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Infus Nurs"},{"key":"1414_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanella MC, Pianca E, Catho G, Obama B, De Kraker MEA, Nguyen A, et al. Increased Peripheral Venous Catheter Bloodstream Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic, Switzerland. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(1). Available on : https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/30\/1\/23-0183_article. Cited on March, 5th 2024","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.230183"},{"key":"1414_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.02.012","volume":"135","author":"B Drugeon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Drugeon B, Guenezan J, Pichon M, Devos A, Fouassin X, Neveu A, et al. Incidence, complications, and costs of peripheral venous catheter-related bacteraemia: a retrospective, single-centre study. J Hosp Infect. 2023;135:67\u201373.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1414_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2021.104095","volume":"124","author":"N Marsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsh N, Larsen EN, Takashima M, Kleidon T, Keogh S, Ullman AJ, et al. Peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a secondary analysis of risks from 11,830 catheters. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;124:104095.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"7","key":"1414_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30738-6","volume":"21","author":"J Guenezan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guenezan J, Marjanovic N, Drugeon B, Neill RO, Liuu E, Roblot F, et al. Chlorhexidine plus alcohol versus povidone iodine plus alcohol, combined or not with innovative devices, for prevention of short-term peripheral venous catheter infection and failure (CLEAN 3 study): an investigator-initiated, open-label, single centre, randomised-controlled, two-by-two factorial trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(7):1038\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1414_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1086\/342905","volume":"35","author":"BJA Rijnders","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rijnders BJA, Van Wijngaerden E, Peetermans WE. Catheter-tip colonization as a surrogate end point in clinical studies on catheter-related bloodstream infection: how strong is the evidence? Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35(9):1053\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1414_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01117-8","volume":"11","author":"N Buetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buetti N, Abbas M, Pittet D, Chraiti MN, Sauvan V, De Kraker MEA, et al. Lower risk of peripheral venous catheter-related bloodstream infection by hand insertion. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2022;11(1):80.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"1414_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201206-1038OC","volume":"186","author":"JF Timsit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Timsit JF, Mimoz O, Mourvillier B, Souweine B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Alfandari S, et al. Randomized controlled trial of Chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically Ill adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(12):1272\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T04:03:47Z","timestamp":1717560227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-024-01414-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For CLEAN 3 study, investigators obtained written informed consent before study inclusion. The French Southwest and Overseas Ethics Committee and the French Drug Safety Agency approved the trial.This post hoc analysis of CLEAN 3 database did not require any ethics approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This manuscript does not include any individual person\u2019s data in any form.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"57"}}