{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:42:00Z","timestamp":1787020920799,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Aerosols generated during toilet flushing are a potential source for transmission of viral and bacterial pathogens in bathrooms. However, manual decontamination of bathrooms after each use is not feasible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We tested the efficacy of a wall-mounted far ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light technology that only delivers far UV-C when people are not present for decontamination of surfaces and aerosolized viral particles in an unoccupied hospital bathroom. A quantitative disk carrier test method was used to test efficacy against organisms on steel disk carriers placed in 9 sites in the bathroom with an exposure time of 45\u00a0min and 2\u00a0h;\n                      <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores were also exposed for 24\u00a0h. Efficacy against aerosolized bacteriophage MS2 was tested with a 45-minute exposure.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The far UV-C technology reduced methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE),\n                      <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and bacteriophage MS2 on steel disk carriers by\n                      <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20091.2 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      (range, 1.2 to 4.2 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) at all test sites after 2\u00a0h of exposure. The technology reduced\n                      <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      spores by &lt;\u20091 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      after 2\u00a0h exposure, but 4 of 9 test locations had\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u20092 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      reductions after 24\u00a0h exposure. Aerosolized bacteriophage MS2 was reduced by 4 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      plaque-forming units in 45\u00a0min.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The far UV-C light technology could potentially be useful for automated decontamination of air and surfaces in bathrooms in healthcare and community settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01473-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T17:01:37Z","timestamp":1727629297000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of an automated far ultraviolet-C light technology for decontamination of surfaces and aerosolized viruses in bathrooms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Kaple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Memic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cadnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis J.","family":"Donskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15121","volume":"131","author":"SE Abney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abney SE, Bright KR, McKinney J, Ijaz MK, Gerba CP. Toilet hygiene-review and research needs. J Appl Microbiol. 2021;131:2705\u201314.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"1473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.04.330","volume":"41","author":"DL Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson DL, Mead KR, Lynch RA, Hirst DVL. Lifting the lid on toilet plume aerosol: a literature review with suggestions for future research. Am J Infect Control. 2013;41:254\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"1473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit148","volume":"208","author":"KK Repp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Repp KK, Hostetler TP, Keene WE. A norovirus outbreak related to contaminated surfaces. 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All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"114"}}