{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T21:19:41Z","timestamp":1761167981989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:04:01Z","timestamp":1761044641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Asymptomatic faecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci among inpatients and outpatients in a Kenyan hospital: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Anthony Karoki","family":"Maina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abednego","family":"Musyoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Solache M, Rice LB. The Enterococcus: a model of adaptability to its environment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00058.","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-18"},{"issue":"10","key":"1577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.10.4425-4430.1999","volume":"65","author":"A Manero","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manero A, Blanch AR. Identification of Enterococcus spp. With a biochemical key. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65(10):4425\u201330.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1577_CR3","unstructured":"Recommendations for Preventing the Spread of Vancomycin Resistance Recommendations of the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory. Committee (HICPAC) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/00039349.htm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01287-z","volume":"12","author":"E Smout","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smout E, Palanisamy N, Valappil SP. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in India between 2000 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):79.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"1577_CR5","unstructured":"Levitus M, Rewane A, Perera TB. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 21]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK513233\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01332-x","volume":"12","author":"M Meschiari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meschiari M, Kaleci S, Monte MD, Dessilani A, Santoro A, Scialpi F, et al. Vancomycin resistant enterococcus risk factors for hospital colonization in hematological patients: a matched case-control study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):126.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"1577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101663","volume":"28","author":"F Iqbal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iqbal F, Alocious A, Joy SC, Stanly EAR, Rajesh V, Unnikrishnan MK, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci: A rising challenge to global health. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2024;28:101663.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"issue":"19","key":"1577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.19.2223","volume":"162","author":"Y Carmeli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carmeli Y, Eliopoulos G, Mozaffari E, Samore M. Health and economic outcomes of Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(19):2223\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2023.09.008","volume":"141","author":"Epidemiology","year":"2023","unstructured":"Epidemiology. Outcomes of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2023;141:119\u201328.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01278-0","volume":"12","author":"C Cimen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cimen C, Berends MS, Bathoorn E, Lokate M, Voss A, Friedrich AW, et al. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in hospital settings across European borders: a scoping review comparing the epidemiology in the Netherlands and Germany. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12:78.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"1577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayobami O, Willrich N, Reuss A, Eckmanns T, Markwart R. The ongoing challenge of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis in Europe: an epidemiological analysis of bloodstream infections. Emerg Microbes Infect [Internet]. 2020 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Jan 10]; Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2020.1769500","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1769500"},{"issue":"8","key":"1577_CR12","first-page":"881","volume":"25","author":"M Sivaradjy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivaradjy M, Gunalan A, Priyadarshi K, Madigubba H, Rajshekar D, Sastry AS. Increasing trend of Vancomycin-resistant enterococci bacteremia in a tertiary care hospital of South India: A Three-year prospective study. Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-Rev Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med. 2021;25(8):881\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med Peer-Rev Off Publ Indian Soc Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13383","volume":"46","author":"S Shrestha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shrestha S, Kharel S, Homagain S, Aryal R, Mishra SK. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Asia\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2021;46(5):1226\u201337.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77696-6","volume":"10","author":"T Alemayehu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alemayehu T, Hailemariam M. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in Africa in one health approach: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20542.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1577_CR15","unstructured":"WHO publishes list of bacteria for. which new antibiotics are urgently needed [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed"},{"issue":"10","key":"1577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101310","volume":"10","author":"G Mancuso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mancuso G, Midiri A, Gerace E, Biondo C. Bacterial antibiotic resistance: the most critical pathogens. Pathogens. 2021;10(10):1310.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"1577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050945","volume":"13","author":"M Sengupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sengupta M, Sarkar R, Sarkar S, Sengupta M, Ghosh S, Banerjee P. Vancomycin and Linezolid-Resistant Enterococcus isolates from a tertiary care center in India. Diagnostics. 2023;13(5):945.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab659","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab659","volume":"9","author":"RA Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee RA, Goldman J, Haidar G, Lewis J, Arif S, Hand J, et al. Daptomycin-Resistant Enterococcus bacteremia is associated with prior daptomycin use and increased mortality after liver transplantation. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(3):ofab659.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"1577_CR19","unstructured":"Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789241509763"},{"key":"1577_CR20","unstructured":"ReAct [Internet]. [cited 2025 Jan 11]. NAP Implementation Support Kenya\u2013 National Action Plans. Available from: https:\/\/www.reactgroup.org\/africa\/about-react-africa-02\/implementation\/"},{"key":"1577_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928578","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.928578","volume":"12","author":"LB Migliorini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migliorini LB, Leaden L, de Sales RO, Correa NP, Marins MM, Koga PCM, et al. The Gastrointestinal load of Carbapenem-Resistant enterobacteriacea is associated with the transition from colonization to infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harboring the BlaKPC gene. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:928578.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00055","volume":"8","author":"A Vasilakopoulou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasilakopoulou A, Karakosta P, Vourli S, Tarpatzi A, Varda P, Kostoula M, et al. Gastrointestinal carriage of Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci and Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in an endemic setting: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Front Public Health. 2020;8:55.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.57","volume":"65","author":"SY Kee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kee SY, Park CW, Lee JE, Kwon YJ, Pyo HJ, Western Dialysis Physical Association. Healthcare-associated risk factors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization among outpatients undergoing Hemodialysis. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2012;65(1):57\u201360.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S440479","volume":"17","author":"M Zike","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zike M, Ahmed AM, Hailu A, Hussien B. Vancomycin resistant enterococci prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and colonization risk factors among HIV-Positive patients in Health-Care facilities in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;17:17\u201329.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"1577_CR25","unstructured":"Research C. for DE and. Tigecycline\u2013 Injection products. FDA [Internet]. 2023 Jan 26 [cited 2025 Jan 10]; Available from: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/drugs\/development-resources\/tigecycline-injection-products"},{"key":"1577_CR26","unstructured":"Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute [Internet]. [cited 2023 Aug 17]. CLSI Publishes M100\u2014Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 31st Edition. Available from: https:\/\/clsi.org\/about\/press-releases\/clsi-publishes-m100-performance-standards-for-antimicrobial-susceptibility-testing-31st-edition\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00636-5","volume":"22","author":"JW Maina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maina JW, Onyambu FG, Kibet PS, Musyoki AM. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and associated factors in a Kenyan intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):85.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"1577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00423-0","volume":"20","author":"A Janjusevic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janjusevic A, Markovic Denic L, Minic R, Grgurevic A, Cirkovic I. Intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. Among high\u2010risk patients in university hospitals in Serbia: first surveillance report. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2021;20:18.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-023-00564-x","volume":"15","author":"PM Hristova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hristova PM, Marinova-Bulgaranova TV, Strateva TV, Trifonov SV, Hitkova HY. Risk factors for gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci among Bulgarian critically ill patients. Gut Pathog. 2023;15(1):37.","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"key":"1577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.03.008","volume":"6","author":"I Hannaoui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hannaoui I, Barguigua A, Serray B, El Mdaghri N, Timinouni M, Ait Chaoui A, et al. Intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a community setting in Casablanca, Morocco. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2016;6:84\u20137.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kibwana UO, Manyahi J, Moyo SJ, Blomberg B, Roberts AP, Langeland N et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species and molecular characterization of Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium from the fecal samples of newly diagnosed adult HIV patients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Front Trop Dis [Internet]. 2024 Feb 13 [cited 2024 Mar 20];5. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fitd.2024.1307379","DOI":"10.3389\/fitd.2024.1307379"},{"key":"1577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6430026","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6430026","volume":"2024","author":"TH Mengesha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mengesha TH, Ali MM, Mengistu M, Assegu Fenta D. High Gastrointestinal colonization rate of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among hospitalized patients: potential source for resistant gene. Int J Microbiol. 2024;2024:e6430026.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"1577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aun E, Kisand V, Laht M, Telling K, Kalmus P, V\u00e4li \u00dc et al. Molecular Characterization of Enterococcus Isolates From Different Sources in Estonia Reveals Potential Transmission of Resistance Genes Among Different Reservoirs. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2021 Mar 26 [cited 2024 Mar 21];12. Available from: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/microbiology\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2021.601490\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.601490\/full"},{"issue":"7","key":"1577_CR34","first-page":"619","volume":"18","author":"AM Hammerum","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hammerum AM. Enterococci of animal origin and their significance for public health. Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;18(7):619\u201325.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0147","volume":"24","author":"MO Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed MO, Baptiste KE, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. A review of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and perspectives of human and animal health. Microb Drug Resist. 2018;24(5):590\u2013606.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"11","key":"1577_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1086\/503845","volume":"42","author":"MK Hayden","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hayden MK, Bonten MJM, Blom DW, Lyle EA, van de Vijver DAMC, Weinstein RA. Reduction in acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus after enforcement of routine environmental cleaning measures. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2006;42(11):1552\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1577_CR37","first-page":"e178","volume":"2","author":"C Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan C, Linkenheld-Struk A, Williams V, Kozak R, Dhabaan G, Maze dit Mieusement L, et al. The role of the environment in transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus: A proof-of-concept study. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol ASHE. 2022;2(1):e178.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol ASHE"},{"key":"1577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of Enterococcus species. isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in Jimma, Ethiopia| BMC Research Notes| Full Text [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 21]. Available from: https:\/\/bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-015-1200-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-015-1200-2"},{"key":"1577_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-185","volume":"14","author":"W Abebe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abebe W, Endris M, Tiruneh M, Moges F. Prevalence of Vancomycin resistant enterococci and associated risk factors among clients with and without HIV in Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:185.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"1577_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46169-0","volume":"54","author":"NS Raja","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raja NS, Karunakaran R, Ngeow YF, Awang R. Community-acquired vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium: a case report from Malaysia. J Med Microbiol. 2005;54(Pt 9):901\u20133.","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1577_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00712-08","volume":"46","author":"IJ Park","year":"2008","unstructured":"Park IJ, Lee WG, Shin JH, Lee KW, Woo GJ. VanB Phenotype-vanA genotype Enterococcus faecium with heterogeneous expression of Teicoplanin resistance. J Clin Microbiol. 2008;46(9):3091\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1577_CR42","unstructured":"SURVEILLANCE FOR VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI IN A TERTIARY, INSTITUTION IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA - PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Mar 25]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5411987\/"},{"key":"1577_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7510157","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7510157","volume":"2018","author":"M Agegne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agegne M, Abera B, Derbie A, Yismaw G, Shiferaw MB. Magnitude of Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization among HIV-Infected patients attending ART clinic in West Amhara government hospitals. Int J Microbiol. 2018;2018:7510157.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"1577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4753460","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4753460","volume":"2018","author":"S Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali S, Alemayehu M, Dagnew M, Gebrecherkos T. Vancomycin-Resistant enterococci and its associated risk factors among HIV-Positive and -Negative clients attending Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Int J Microbiol. 2018;2018:e4753460.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.956092","volume":"12","author":"WR Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller WR, Munita JM, Arias CA. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12(10):1221\u201336.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"1577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2815279","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2815279","volume":"2019","author":"M Golob","year":"2019","unstructured":"Golob M, Pate M, Ku\u0161ar D, Dermota U, Avber\u0161ek J, Papi\u0107 B, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from humans and retail red meat. BioMed Res Int. 2019;2019:2815279.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.35.6.1145","volume":"35","author":"H Ejaz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ejaz H. Emerging resistance of Van genotype in Enterococci: A potential menace for therapeutic failure. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1659\u201363.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"1577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-021-00380-5","volume":"12","author":"CL Correa-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Correa-Mart\u00ednez CL, Schuler F, Kampmeier S. Sex differences in vancomycin-resistant enterococci bloodstream infections\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sex Differ. 2021;12:36.","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"1577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.10.028","volume":"113","author":"P Gaibani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaibani P, Gatti M, Rinaldi M, Crovara Pesce C, Lazzarotto T, Giannella M, et al. Suboptimal drug exposure leads to selection of different subpopulations of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a critically ill patient. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;113:213\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T23:04:55Z","timestamp":1761087895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01577-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2047-2994"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We obtained ethical approval for this study from the Kenyatta University Ethical Review Board and sought written consent from all participants. Personal Identification Number (PIN), unique to each participant, was assigned to all samples collected to ensure confidentiality. There was no monetary gain for the participant and no penalties for patients who refused to participate in the study. The authors sought study approval from Kiambu County Referral Hospital management and a research permit from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI, Ref no. 673892).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"125"}}