{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:09:04Z","timestamp":1787785744169,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>If antibiotics are used appropriately, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can be curbed. Many medical students feel that they do not receive sufficient training in this respect during their undergraduate medical education. In recent years, digital learning formats are being successfully employed in student teaching. Our aim was to develop and evaluate a massive open online course (MOOC) on appropriate antibiotic therapy and the development of AMR. The intention was to provide the MOOC as an effective learning format in medical schools and to encourage others to develop their own MOOCs on other topics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We developed a MOOC for medical students that consisted of four modules (M1-4) on bacteriology, microbiology diagnostics, pharmacology, antibiotics, AMR, the One Health approach, principles of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and transfer of knowledge to clinical practice. MOOC learners were asked to answer the same 16 knowledge and five self-assessment questions at the beginning and end of the MOOC and to give course feedback in an anonymous online questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>From July 1, 2021 until June 30, 2022 the MOOC was actively attended by 2061 learners. Of them, 473 (23%) completed the final exam and 389 (19%) answered the knowledge and self-assessment questions at the beginning and end of the MOOC. A significant increase in knowledge and a strengthening of competence and self-confidence was observed in these 389 learners. The median knowledge score increased significantly from 10\/16 (IQR 8; 12) points before the MOOC to 16\/16 (15; 16) afterwards (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Overall, course activity decreased from M1 (100% attendance) to M4 (38%). At the end of the MOOC, the online feedback questionnaire was completed by 304 (15%) learners, most of whom rated the MOOC positively. For example, 97% of them stated that they had increased their knowledge in relevant areas.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A high dropout rate for voluntary MOOCs is generally reported. Therefore, a course completion rate of 23% is acceptable. The learners who completed the MOOC showed a significant increase in knowledge and self-confidence. The use of the MOOC, or parts of it, as digital learning format for undergraduate medical education appears promising.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T14:35:44Z","timestamp":1758551744000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Development and evaluation of a massive open online course (MOOC) to teach medical students the prudent use of antibiotics"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9300-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Wiese-Posselt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selin","family":"Saydan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi\u00ean-Tr\u00ed","family":"L\u00e2m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"R\u00f6rig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicia","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kurzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Feufel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Gastmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.01.029","volume":"99","author":"S Bassetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassetti S, Tschudin-Sutter S, Egli A, Osthoff M. Optimizing antibiotic therapies to reduce the risk of bacterial resistance. Eur J Intern Med. 2022;99:7\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"10014","key":"1640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00473-0","volume":"387","author":"AH Holmes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holmes AH, Moore LS, Sundsfjord A, Steinbakk M, Regmi S, Karkey A, et al. Understanding the mechanisms and drivers of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 2016;387(10014):176\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00837-z","volume":"9","author":"N Nogueira-Uzal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nogueira-Uzal N, Zapata-Cachafeiro M, Vazquez-Cancela O, Lopez-Duran A, Herdeiro MT, Figueiras A. Does the problem begin at the beginning? Medical students\u2019 knowledge and beliefs regarding antibiotics and resistance: a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020;9(1):172.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"1640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2179034","volume":"21","author":"W Ji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji W, Gillani AH, Ye D, Zhao H, Du J, McIver DJ, et al. Perceptions and preparedness of senior medical students about antimicrobial stewardship programs: are we providing adequate training to future prescribers? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023;21(3):309\u201315.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v107i5.12370","volume":"107","author":"S Wasserman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wasserman S, Potgieter S, Shoul E, Constant D, Stewart A, Mendelson M, et al. South African medical students\u2019 perceptions and knowledge about antibiotic resistance and appropriate prescribing: are we providing adequate training to future prescribers? S Afr Med J. 2017;107(5):405\u201310.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"1640_CR6","unstructured":"Dyar OJ, Nathwani D, Monnet DL, Gyssens IC, Stalsby Lundborg C, Pulcini C et al. Do medical students feel prepared to prescribe antibiotics responsibly? Results from a cross-sectional survey in 29 European countries. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01251-x","volume":"12","author":"M Wiese-Posselt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wiese-Posselt M, Lam TT, Schroder C, Schneider S, Kurzai O, Feufel MA, et al. Appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance: knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of medical students and their needs and preferences for learning. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023;12(1):48.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"1640_CR8","unstructured":"Health Care Without Harm Europe (HCWH). Antimicrobial resistance in European medical schools. 2020. https:\/\/noharm-europe.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents-files\/6591\/2020-11-18-Antimicrobial-resistance-in-European-medical-schools_WEB.pdf. Accessed 16 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5a11.8422","volume":"8","author":"M Fralick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fralick M, Haj R, Hirpara D, Wong K, Muller M, Matukas L, et al. Can a smartphone app improve medical trainees\u2019 knowledge of antibiotics? Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:416\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofx117","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx117","volume":"4","author":"P Nori","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nori P, Madaline T, Munjal I, Bhar S, Guo Y, Seo SK, et al. Developing interactive antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention curricula for diverse learners: A tailored approach. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(3):ofx117.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"1640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikkens JJ, Caris MG, Schutte T, Kramer MHH, Tichelaar J, van Agtmael MA. Improving antibiotic prescribing skills in medical students: the effect of e-learning after 6 months. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018.","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky163"},{"key":"1640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104074","volume":"136","author":"R Tsopra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsopra R, Courtine M, Sedki K, Eap D, Cabal M, Cohen S, et al. AntibioGame\u00ae: A serious game for teaching medical students about antibiotic use. Int J Med Inf. 2020;136:104074.","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"issue":"4","key":"1640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx493","volume":"73","author":"J Sneddon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sneddon J, Barlow G, Bradley S, Brink A, Chandy SJ, Nathwani D. Development and impact of a massive open online course (MOOC) for antimicrobial stewardship. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(4):1091\u20137.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"1640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21523","volume":"49","author":"J Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao J, Yang L, Zou J, Xiaotang F. Comparison of the influence of massive open online courses and traditional teaching methods in medical education in china: A meta-analysis. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2021;49(4):639\u201351.","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Educ"},{"key":"1640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104812","volume":"99","author":"J Longhini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Longhini J, De Colle B, Rossettini G, Palese A. What knowledge is available on massive open online courses in nursing and academic healthcare sciences education? A rapid review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;99:104812.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"1640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2019.05.008","volume":"79","author":"MM Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan MM, Barchino R, Medina-Merodio JA, de la Roca M, Sagastume F. MOOCs, an innovative alternative to teach first aid and emergency treatment: A practical study. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;79:92\u20137.","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"1640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S192","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.732","volume":"41","author":"F Salm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salm F, Kramer TS, Remschmidt R, Gastmeier P, Schneider S. Digital education on prudent antibiotic Use\u2014Evaluation of a massive open online course for general practitioners in Germany. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41:S192\u20133.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"1640_CR18","unstructured":"InfectControl. Rationaler Antibiotikaeinsatz durch Information. 2019\u20132022. https:\/\/www.infectcontrol.de\/rai-students-rationaler-antibiotikaeinsatz-durch-information.html. Accessed 23 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab186","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab186","volume":"4","author":"V Nampoothiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nampoothiri V, Bonaconsa C, Surendran S, Mbamalu O, Nambatya W, Ahabwe Babigumira P, et al. What does antimicrobial stewardship look like where you are? Global narratives from participants in a massive open online course. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2022;4(1):dlab186.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valderrama-Rios MC, \u00c1lvarez-Moreno CA, Cortes JA. Interventions to improve antibiotic use in hospitals with different levels of complexity in colombia: findings from a Before-and-After study and suggestions for the future. Antibiot (Basel). 2023;12(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12050867"},{"issue":"3","key":"1640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlaa045","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaa045","volume":"2","author":"S von Schreeb","year":"2020","unstructured":"von Schreeb S, Robilotti E, Deresinski S, Boshevska G, Panovski N, Tyrstrup M, et al. Building antimicrobial stewardship through massive open online courses: a pilot study in Macedonia. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2020;2(3):dlaa045.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1640_CR22","unstructured":"Stanford University, California USA, Stanford Online C. 2025. https:\/\/online.stanford.edu\/. Accessed 13 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR23","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Geneva. WHO Academy. Antimicrobial Stewardship: A competency-based approach. https:\/\/whoacademy.org\/coursewares\/course-v1:WHOAcademy-Hosted+H0098EN+H0098EN_Q4_2024?source=edX on https:\/\/whoacademy.org\/. Accessed 3 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR24","unstructured":"Coursera. 2025. https:\/\/www.coursera.org\/. Accessed 13 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR25","unstructured":"FutureLearn. 2025. https:\/\/www.futurelearn.com\/. Accessed 16 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malli IA, Mohamud MS, Al-Nasser S. Enhancing Medical Students\u2019 Confidence and Knowledge in Antibiotic Prescription and Administration through Virtual Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Antibiot (Basel). 2023;12(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12101546"},{"issue":"3","key":"1640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.Let-7-3-3","volume":"7","author":"D McMaster","year":"2020","unstructured":"McMaster D, Santucci C, Veremu M. Who should develop massive open online courses (MOOCs) for undergraduate medical education? Future Healthc J. 2020;7(3):e33\u20134.","journal-title":"Future Healthc J"},{"key":"1640_CR28","unstructured":"Medizinischer Fakult\u00e4tentag. Nationaler Kompetenzbasierter Lernzielkatalog Medizin, Version 2.0. Chapter VII.3-19.1.4. Appropriate use of antibiotics. 2025. https:\/\/nklm.de\/zend\/objective\/list\/orderBy\/@objectivePosition\/modul\/200531. Accessed 13 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05179-7","volume":"24","author":"R Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding R, Cheng H. Improving undergraduate education of occupational health and occupational medicine appling massive open online courses & problem-based learning. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):188.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"11","key":"1640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11306","volume":"8","author":"D Hamdan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamdan D, Pamoukdjian F, Lehmann-Che J, de Bazelaire C, Vercellino L, Calvani J, et al. A massive open online course to teach undergraduate medical students in oncology: keys of success. Heliyon. 2022;8(11):e11306.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"1640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2023.100158","volume":"6","author":"RA Hendriks","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hendriks RA, de Jong PGM, Admiraal WF, Reinders MEJ. Motivation for learning in campus-integrated moocs: Self-determined students, grade hunters and teacher trusters. Computers Educ Open. 2024;6:100158.","journal-title":"Computers Educ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1625","volume":"10","author":"BJ Swinnerton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swinnerton BJ, Morris NP, Hotchkiss S, Pickering JD. The integration of an anatomy massive open online course (MOOC) into a medical anatomy curriculum. Anat Sci Educ. 2017;10(1):53\u201367.","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-021-03025-8","volume":"21","author":"T Pham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pham T, Beloncle F, Piquilloud L, Ehrmann S, Roux D, Mekontso-Dessap A, et al. Assessment of a massive open online course (MOOC) incorporating interactive simulation videos on residents\u2019 knowledge retention regarding mechanical ventilation. BMC Med Educ. 2021;21(1):595.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-019-1623-x","volume":"19","author":"M Laks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laks M, Guerra CM, Miraglia JL, Medeiros EA. Distance learning in antimicrobial stewardship: innovation in medical education. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):191.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-022-03949-9","volume":"23","author":"RH El-sokkary","year":"2023","unstructured":"El-sokkary RH, Badran SG, El Seifi OS, El-Fakharany YM, Tash RME. Antibiotic prescribing etiquette an elective course for medical students: could we recruit potential physicians to fight resistance? BMC Med Educ. 2023;23(1):8.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955646","DOI":"10.1080\/10872981.2021.1955646","volume":"26","author":"NI Ibrahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibrahim NI, Bohm L, Roche JS, Stoddard SA, Quintana RM, Vetter J, et al. Creating a \u2018choose your topic\u2019 massive open online course: an innovative and flexible approach to delivering injury prevention education. Med Educ Online. 2021;26(1):1955646.","journal-title":"Med Educ Online"},{"issue":"2","key":"1640_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/15313220.2020.1809050","volume":"21","author":"J Goopio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goopio J, Cheung C. The MOOC dropout phenomenon and retention strategies. J Teach Travel Tourism. 2021;21(2):177\u201397.","journal-title":"J Teach Travel Tourism"},{"issue":"7","key":"1640_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/0142159X.2017.1322189","volume":"39","author":"JD Pickering","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pickering JD, Henningsohn L, DeRuiter MC, de Jong PGM, Reinders MEJ. Twelve tips for developing and delivering a massive open online course in medical education. Med Teach. 2017;39(7):691\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-016-9127-8","volume":"29","author":"T Eriksson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eriksson T, Adawi T, St\u00f6hr C. Time is the bottleneck: a qualitative study exploring why learners drop out of MOOCs. J Comput High Educ. 2017;29(1):133\u201346.","journal-title":"J Comput High Educ"},{"key":"1640_CR40","unstructured":"Wissenschaftsrat (The German Science and Humanities Council. Neustrukturierung des Medizinstudiums und \u00c4nderung der Approbationsordnung f\u00fcr \u00c4rzte. Empfehlungen der Expertenkommission zum Masterplan Medizinstudium 2020. 2018. https:\/\/www.wissenschaftsrat.de\/download\/archiv\/7271-18.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1. Accessed 25 June 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-06460-5","volume":"24","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X, Li F, Liu W, Xie Q, Yuan B, Wang L, et al. Effectiveness of the application of small private online course combined with PBL model based on massive open online course in the teaching of neurology. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):1518.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"1640_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2018.02.001","volume":"5","author":"R Ruiz de Castaneda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruiz de Castaneda R, Garrison A, Haeberli P, Crump L, Zinsstag J, Ravel A, et al. First \u2018Global flipped classroom in one health\u2019: from MOOCs to research on real world challenges. One Health. 2018;5:37\u20139.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1640_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21660","volume":"50","author":"G Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren G, Zeng J, Guan X, Zhuang P, Zhang P, Liu Z, et al. Assessment of blended biochemistry classes based on massive open online courses and a semi-flipped learning environment. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2022;50(6):571\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"1640_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/bmb.21834","volume":"52","author":"S Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang S, Liu Y, Wang F, Zhao B, Gao L, Guo M. Teaching effects of the online and offline flipped classroom model (FCM) in the post-epidemic era: development and feasibility study. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2024;52(5):492\u2013504.","journal-title":"Biochem Mol Biol Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01402-8","volume":"13","author":"S Schneider","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schneider S, Bergmann C, Becker F, Risse L, Isner C, Stocker H, et al. Teaching prudent antibiotic use on the go: a descriptive report on development, utilization and listener satisfaction of an educational podcast format for medical students and young professionals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2024;13(1):50.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"1640_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-024-05991-1","volume":"24","author":"W Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xie Z, Li J, Liu C, Wang Z, Xie Y, et al. Investigating the impact of virtual simulation experiment and massive open online course (MOOC) on medical students\u2019 wound debridement training: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Med Educ. 2024;24(1):1023.","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"issue":"7","key":"1640_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001307","volume":"23","author":"F Quattrone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quattrone F, Aimo A, Castiglione V, Passino C, Bergamasco M, Barsanti S, et al. Using co-creation to develop a cardiology online open course: an effective approach for implementing digital learning. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2022;23(7):481\u20133.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"key":"1640_CR48","unstructured":"\u00c4rztekammer B. Berufsordnung der \u00c4rztekammer Berlin \u00a7 15 (1). 2021. https:\/\/www.aekb.de\/fileadmin\/migration\/pdf\/Berufsordnung.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2025."},{"key":"1640_CR49","unstructured":"European Union. General Data Protection Regulation. 2018. https:\/\/gdpr-info.eu\/. Accessed 25 June 2025."}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance &amp; Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:11:18Z","timestamp":1758719478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01640-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"An approval of the ethics committee was not obtained because the MOOC and the feedback survey reported here do not involve biomedical research on humans. No human material was taken nor was personal data collected in the context of the epidemiological research project (48). The course of the MOOC and the feedback survey were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (49).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"105"}}