{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T20:53:44Z","timestamp":1779224024509,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:30:25Z","timestamp":1764171025000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of an integrated stewardship intervention at a secondary care hospital in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates: findings from September 2018-March 2019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Paria Sadat","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0305-7665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areeg Anwer","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duaa Salem","family":"Jawhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhoomendra A.","family":"Bhongade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa Swamy","family":"Bandaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nawal","family":"AlFaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdy","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khawla Abdullah","family":"Drweesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Ataig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1654_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-023-00930-z","volume":"19","author":"YA Adebisi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adebisi YA. Balancing the risks and benefits of antibiotic use in a globalized world: the ethics of antimicrobial resistance. Glob Health. 2023;19(1):27.","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"key":"1654_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2024.117562","volume":"172","author":"M Ramzan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramzan M, Zehra M, Raza A, Nisa ZU, Musharraf SG. Detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using advanced spectroscopic techniques: a review. TrAC Trends Anal Chem. 2024;172:117562.","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"1654_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17030760","volume":"17","author":"S Voidazan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Voidazan S, et al. Healthcare associated infections\u2014a new pathology in medical practice? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(3):760.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1654_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104521","volume":"16","author":"M Ramzan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramzan M, Raza A, un Nisa Z, Musharraf SG. Recent studies on advance spectroscopic techniques for the identification of microorganisms: a review. Arab J Chem. 2023;16:104521.","journal-title":"Arab J Chem"},{"key":"1654_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1208-x","volume":"19","author":"X Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao X, et al. Risk factors of health care\u2013associated infection in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary hospital in China. BMC Geriatr. 2019;19:1\u20136.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"1654_CR6","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Infectious disease epidemiology: theory and practice","author":"L Paitoonpong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paitoonpong L, Wong CKB, Perl TM. Healthcare-associated infections. In: Nelson KE, Williams C, editors. Infectious disease epidemiology: theory and practice. 2nd ed. Burlington (MA): Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2013. p. 369\u2013466.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1654_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.01.019","volume":"51","author":"WA Rutala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Risk of disease transmission to patients from \u201ccontaminated\u201d surgical instruments and immediate use steam sterilization. Am J Infect Control. 2023;51:A72\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"1654_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11010069","volume":"11","author":"A Hrynyshyn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hrynyshyn A, Sim\u00f5es M, Borges A. Biofilms in surgical site infections: recent advances and novel prevention and eradication strategies. Antibiotics. 2022;11:69.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"1654_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6991","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11236991","volume":"11","author":"A Zukowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zukowska A, Zukowski M. Surgical site infection in cardiac surgery. J Clin Med. 2022;11:6991.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1654_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-019-05075-y","volume":"43","author":"D Bertschi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bertschi D, Muehlemann K, Schmid F, Gerber P, Frei R, Widmer AF, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis redosing reduces surgical site infection risk in prolonged duration surgery irrespective of its timing. World J Surg. 2019;43(9):2420\u20135.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1654_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-12-23","volume":"12","author":"H S\u00f6zen","year":"2013","unstructured":"S\u00f6zen H, G\u00f6nen I, S\u00f6zen A, Kutlucan A, Kalemci S, Kalemci O, et al. Application of ATC\/DDD methodology to evaluate antibiotic use in a general hospital in Turkey. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2013;12:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"1654_CR12","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2020. (World Health Organization, 2020). Available from https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240005587. Accessed on 23rd June 2025."},{"key":"1654_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2021.102216","volume":"123","author":"CF Luz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luz CF, Ramzan M, Zehra M, Raza A, Musharraf SG. Mapping twenty years of antimicrobial resistance research trends. Artif Intell Med. 2022;123:102216.","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"key":"1654_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0471-0","volume":"8","author":"D Nathwani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nathwani D, et al. Value of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs [ASPs]: a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"1654_CR15","first-page":"15","volume":"1","author":"JA Khanem","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khanem JA, Khair H, Benson R. Antibiotic prophylaxis for caesarean section at Tawam Hospital, UAE. Gulf Med J. 2012;1:15\u20138.","journal-title":"Gulf Med J"},{"key":"1654_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v11i4.18","volume":"11","author":"E Abu-Gharbieh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abu-Gharbieh E, Fahmy S. Adherence to surgical site infection guidelines in cardiac surgery in a tertiary hospital in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Trop J Pharm Res. 2012;11:657\u201364.","journal-title":"Trop J Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1654_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-014-0045-4","volume":"37","author":"M El Hassan","year":"2015","unstructured":"El Hassan M, Elnour AA, Farah FH, Shehab A, Al Kalbani NM, Asim S, et al. Clinical pharmacists\u2019 review of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in a tertiary hospital in Abu Dhabi. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(1):18\u201322.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1654_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80219-y","volume":"11","author":"HS Alshehhi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alshehhi HS, Ali AA, Jawhar DS, et al. Assessment of implementation of antibiotic stewardship program in surgical prophylaxis at a secondary care hospital in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Sci Rep. 2021;11:1042.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1654_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030237","volume":"14","author":"SM Gulam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gulam SM, Thomas D, Ahamed F, Baker DE. Prospective audit and feedback of targeted antimicrobials use at a tertiary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Antibiotics. 2025;14(3):237.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"11","key":"1654_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.07.004","volume":"43","author":"T Saied","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saied T, Hafez SF, Kandeel A, El-kholy A, Ismail G, Aboushady M, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship to optimize the use of antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis in Egypt: A multicenter pilot intervention study. Am J Infect Control. 2015;43(11):e67-71.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"23","key":"1654_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3048","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11233048","volume":"11","author":"M Sallam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sallam M, Snygg J. Improving antimicrobial stewardship program using the Lean Six Sigma methodology: a descriptive study from Mediclinic Welcare Hospital in Dubai, the UAE. Healthcare. 2023;11(23):3048.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"1654_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2009.12.005","volume":"8","author":"H Ozgun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ozgun H, Ertugrul BM, Soyder A, Ozturk B, Aydemir M. Peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis: adherence to guidelines and effects of educational intervention. Int J Surg. 2010;8:159\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1654_CR23","first-page":"104","volume":"8","author":"SM Sadraei-Moosavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sadraei-Moosavi SM, Nikhbakhsh N, Darzi AA. Postoperative antibiotic therapy after appendectomy in patients with non-perforated appendicitis. Caspian J Intern Med. 2017;8(2):104\u20137.","journal-title":"Caspian J Intern Med"},{"key":"1654_CR24","first-page":"241","volume":"14","author":"SO Okello","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okello SO. Timing and Choice of Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Prevention of Surgical Site Infections: A Systemic. Journal of US-China Medical Science. 2017;14:241\u20135.","journal-title":"Journal of US-China Medical Science"},{"key":"1654_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.12.005","volume":"69","author":"M Malik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malik M, Bakir A, Abi Saab B, Roglic G, King H. Glucose intolerance and associated factors in the multi-ethnic population of the United Arab Emirates: results of a national survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;69:188\u201395.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1654_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0024-2","volume":"15","author":"SM Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah SM, Loney T, Sheek-Hussein M, El Sadig M, Al Dhaheri S, El Barazi I, et al. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control, in male South Asian immigrants in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2015;15:30.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1654_CR27","first-page":"129","volume":"53","author":"M Arifulla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arifulla M, John LJ, Sreedharan J, Muttappallymyalil J, Cheriathu J, Altaf BS. Use of antihypertensive medications in patients with type -2 diabetes in Ajman. UAE Acta Medica Iranica. 2015;53(2):129\u201333.","journal-title":"UAE Acta Medica Iranica"},{"key":"1654_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2597-1","volume":"17","author":"E Koornneef","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koornneef E, Robben P, Blair I. Progress and outcomes of health systems reform in the United Arab Emirates: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:672.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1654_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106436","volume":"185","author":"A Raza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raza A, Zehra M, Ramzan M, Siddiqui AJ, Akbar A, Ahmed A, et al. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of gentamicin-induced tolerant colonies of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2023;185:106436.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1654_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00125","volume":"144","author":"B Chaudhry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chaudhry B, Wang J, Wu S, Maglione M, Mojica W, Roth E, et al. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(10):742\u201352.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1654_CR31","unstructured":"Fingar KR, Stocks C, Weiss AJ, Steiner CA. Most frequent operating room procedures performed in U.S. hospitals, 2003\u20132012 [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2014 Dec. (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project [HCUP] Statistical Briefs, No. 186). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK274246\/"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T15:30:27Z","timestamp":1764171027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01654-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-2994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-2994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committees of RAK Medical and Health Sciences University and the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (Study No. MOHAP\/REC\/2019\/19\u20132019-PG-P). The committees waived individual informed consent for the conduct of this study because it was considered a surveillance activity.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}