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The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of polymeric plasma substitutes on the development of SIRS or sepsis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 2969 patients aged\u00a0\u226516\u00a0years with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)\u00a0&gt;16 in this study. The sample was subdivided into three groups: patients who did not receive colloids and those who received\u00a0&lt;5L colloids and\u00a0&gt;5L colloids within the first 48\u00a0h. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>for Windows version 22.0; analysis of variance was used for continuous normally distributed data and Kruskal\u2013Wallis test for categorical data. The predictive quality of colloid treatment was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Independent predictively was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Data were considered significant if<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05. Data are presented as the mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SIRS score increased with the amount of colloid used (1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.4 vs. 2.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.2 vs. 3.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). However, the predictive quality was low, with an area under the ROC of 0.693 for SIRS and 0.669 for sepsis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Binary logistic regression revealed colloids as an independent factor for the development of SIRS and sepsis (odds ratios: SIRS 3.325 and sepsis 8.984;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Besides other factors, colloids have a significant permissive effect and are independent predictors for the development of SIRS and sepsis in multiply injured patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Trial registration \u2018Retrospektive Analysen in der Chirurgischen Intensivmedizin\u2019<\/jats:italic>No. St. V. 01-2008<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-016-0227-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T11:56:26Z","timestamp":1476359786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resuscitation with polymeric plasma substitutes is permissive for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in multiply injured patients: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Sprengel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanspeter","family":"Simmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment M. 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