{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:29:12Z","timestamp":1772166552424,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we report an atypical HIV-vacuolar myelopathy and search the available medical literature about atypical presentations of human immunodeficiency virus associate vacuolar myelopathy (HIV-VM) and immunoglobulin therapy response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 26-year-old lady who was 4 weeks postpartum presented to us with acute flaccid quadriparesis, with no sensory level. Extensive workup ruled out other causes of myelopathy. She developed a stage 3 acute kidney injury, and MRI showed diffuse cord atrophy involving the lower cervical and thoracic cord. The patient received IV-immunoglobulin, ARVs, and supportive therapy with inadequate response. Unfortunately, she developed nosocomial pneumonia and died.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In HIV-VM, there is spinal cord atrophy, which mainly involves the thoracic cord. In our case, this pathological process also affected the spinal cord's cervical region, leading to flaccid tetraplegia, with high CD4 level, without response to the treatment, including intravenous immunoglobulin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Keynotes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vacuolar myelopathy, HIV, Immunoglobulin therapy, flaccid tetraplegia, hypokalaemia. Renal failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T08:04:02Z","timestamp":1612166642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atypical HIV-vacuolar myelopathy: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Tau","family":"Mongezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-7933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Sibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-2482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Jerry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2692-1348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iba\u00f1ez-Vald\u00e9s","family":"Lourdes de F\u00e1tima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6896-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dubula","family":"Tozama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-2394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Foyaca Sibat","family":"Humberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"483_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3842425","volume":"3842425","author":"N Wuliji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wuliji N, Mandell MJ, Lunt JM, Merando A. HIV-associated vacuolar myelopathy, and HIV-associated dementia as the initial manifestation of HIV\/AIDS. Case Rep. 2019;3842425:4\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3842425.","journal-title":"Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"483_CR2","first-page":"28","volume":"15","author":"J Robinson-Papp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robinson-Papp J, George MC, Nmashie A, Weisz D, Simpson DM. Lower-extremity dynamometry as a novel outcome measure in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, feasibility trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for HIV-associated myelopathy. Inn Clin Neur. 2018;15(1):28.","journal-title":"Inn Clin Neur"},{"key":"483_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_255_18","volume":"23","author":"LN Prakhova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Prakhova LN, Ilves AG, Kizhlo SN, Savintseva ZI. Successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-associated highly active antiretroviral therapy-resistant vacuolar myelopathy with intravenous immunoglobulin. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2020;23:220\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"483_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.182303","volume":"19","author":"RK Garg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garg RK, Hardeep M, Neeraj N. Approach to a case of myeloneuropathy. Ann Ind Acad Neurol. 2016;19:183\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Ind Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"483_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz366","volume":"6","author":"GR Madden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madden GR, Fleece ME, Gupta A, Lopes MBS, Heysell S, Arnold CJ, Wispelwey B. HIV-associated vacuolar encephalomyelopathy. 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Neurology. 2000;55:456.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T18:22:19Z","timestamp":1697739739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00483-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-89435\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"We obtained the written permission from our patient's family, and they agreed to include all necessary information for publication purposes. All authors certify that we did not reveal names, initials, and other identity issues of this patient in this publication, and complete anonymity is guaranteed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical issue and consent to publish"}},{"value":"The necessary consent for publication from the family is received.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors reported no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"13"}}