{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:07:46Z","timestamp":1793236066707,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is high, but there is still a lack of intra-operative preventive measures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions continuous irrigation on intra-articular inflammation and cartilage degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods <\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>66 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal (N) group, no treatment (NT) group, sodium chloride (NaCl) group, magnesium sulfate (MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) group, and calcium chloride (CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) group. The right knee joint of the experimental group was utilized to construct the model of PTOA, and the left side was utilized as the normal control group. At different time points postoperatively, the blood concentration of hemoglobin and Mg2\u2009+\u2009, the synovial fluid concentration of IL-1 \u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b), and Type II Collagen, the gene expression of IL-1 \u03b2 and MMP-3, and the protein expression of TRPV5 and CaM were detected. Pearson\u2032s linear correlation was employed to identify the possible relationship between the expression of TRAP-5b and the expression of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and Type II collagen. The hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), Masson\u2019s trichrome staining, and Alcian blue staining were performed at postoperative 35\u00a0days. Osteoarthritis Scoring (OA score) comprised categories including Alcian blue staining, cartilage histology, the cellular density of cartilage, degree of cell disintegration, and formation of chondrocyte cluster were blindly scored by trained researchers at postoperative 35\u00a0days.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was no statistical difference (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05) in the hemoglobin concentration between different groups. The concentration of serum Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> in the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group was higher than that of the other three groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) on the same day of operation, then gradually decreased. The expression of IL-1 \u03b2, IL-6, and TRAP-5b in synovial fluid increased 5\u00a0days after the operation, decreased at 15\u00a0days, and then increased again with time in the NT group, NaCl group, and NT group and NaCl group. At 35\u00a0days after the operation, the expression of IL-1 \u03b2, IL-6, TRAP-5b, and type II collagen in the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group were lower than that in the other three groups (except group N) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).The correlation analysis results showed that the TRAP-5b levels correlated positively with IL-1 \u03b2, IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and type II collagen concentrations. The histological examination revealed that the surface smoothness of cartilage, the morphology of chondrocytes, the arrangement of collagen fibers, and the density of proteoglycan in the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group were better than those in other experimental groups. At 35\u00a0days postoperatively, the gene expression of IL-1 \u03b2 and MMP-3 and the protein expression of CaM and TRPV5 in synovium in the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group was lower than that in the NaCl group and CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Intra-operative irrigation with magnesium sulfate solution can inhibit the inflammatory factors and the expression of TRPV5, which can also reduce collagen loss and delay cartilage degeneration. Therefore, the use of magnesium sulfate in intra-operative irrigation may be an ideal choice to prevent PTOA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00491-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T03:02:37Z","timestamp":1615518157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of infusion irrigation with different irrigating solutions on transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 and intra-articular inflammation in a post-traumatic osteoarthritis rabbit model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xinghui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangbo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.2.14","volume":"52","author":"JS Ruano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruano JS, Sitler MR, Driban JB. 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All methods were carried out following relevant guidelines and regulations. All applicable international, national, and\/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.Consent for publication.Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24"}}