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Among them, 42 were monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), 21 were renal monotypic immunoglobulin alone (renal monoIg), and 19 were monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Individuals with multiple myeloma (MM) accounted for the fewest number of patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 14). In the MGRS group, the main diseases were amyloidosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 25) and cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 7), while in the MM group, the main diseases were cast nephropathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 9) and light chain deposit disease (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 3). In the MGUS group, it was mainly IgA nephropathy (IgAN, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 10) and idiopathic membranous nephropathy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 5); while in the renal monoIg group, most of the cases were IgAN (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> \u2009=\u2009 19). Chemotherapy was mainly administered to patients in the MM group, while immunosuppression therapy was mostly administered to patients in the renal monoIg group. Most patients with renal monoIg exhibited a major response, followed by the patients with MGUS and MGRS, while most of the patients with MM had a partial response but none had a major response. Approximately more than half (57.1%) of the patients with MM progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), followed by MGRS (33.3%); however, the mortality rate was low in both the MGRS and MM groups. The survival analysis reviewed that serum creatinine, hemoglobin levels, and the serum <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>\u03bb<\/jats:italic> ratio were independent risk factors for ESRD in patients with MGRS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The clinicopathological changes in patients with MGRS were between those in patients with MM and MGUS. The treatment for MGRS and MM was more intensive, and the overall mortality rate was low. Both MGUS and renal monoIg alone exhibited slighter clinicopathological features than MGRS and MM, and the treatment was focused mostly on primary renal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00538-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T13:02:29Z","timestamp":1625317349000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with paraproteinemia and renal damage"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7652-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuanli","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"538_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709974","volume":"378","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kyle RA, Larson DR, Therneau TM, Dispenzieri A, Kumar S, Cerhan JR, Rajkumar SV. 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As this was a retrospective observational study with full patient anonymity, the requirement for written informed consent from patients was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was waived from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"68"}}