{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:50:50Z","timestamp":1770040250674,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"scientific research projects of health industry in hainan province","award":["No. 20A200223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 20A200223"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Streptococcus suis (Ss) is a Gram-positive and anaerobic zoonotic pathogen that is susceptible to all populations and can cause meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis and arthritis in humans.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this study, patients with meningitis who were admitted to our hospital with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture were divided into a next-generation sequencing group and a control group. In the next-generation sequencing group, we used the next-generation sequencing method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients\u2019 cerebrospinal fluid. In the control group, we used blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture method to detect pathogenic bacteria in the patients' cerebrospinal fluid. The detection rates of pathogenic bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid of the two groups were compared and analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 18 patients were included in this study, including 8 patients in the next-generation sequencing group and 10 patients in the control group. The mean age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.613) and mean disease duration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.294) were similar in both groups. Patients in the next-generation sequencing group had a leukocyte count of 13.13\u2009\u00b1\u20094.79\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>, a neutrophil percentage of 83.39\u2009\u00b1\u200910.36%, and a C-reactive protein level of 134.95\u2009\u00b1\u2009107.69\u00a0mg\/L. Patients in the control group had a temperature of 38.32\u2009\u00b1\u20091.07, a leukocyte count of 8.00\u2009\u00b1\u20092.99\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>, and a neutrophil percentage of 74.61\u2009\u00b1\u20098.89%, and C-reactive protein level was 4.75\u2009\u00b1\u20096.8\u00a0mg\/L. The statistical results showed that the leukocytes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013) and C-reactive protein levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) were significantly higher in the patients of the next-generation sequencing group than in the control group. No statistically significant differences were seen in body temperature and neutrophil percentage between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The incidence of intracranial pressure and meningeal irritation signs were similar in the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients in the next-generation sequencing group was 100%, and the detection rate of Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid of the control group was 0%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The detection rate of Streptococcus suis infection in cerebrospinal fluid by next-generation sequencing was significantly higher than that by blood and cerebrospinal fluid bacterial culture. Therefore, the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis by next-generation sequencing method is worthy of clinical promotion and application.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T10:02:58Z","timestamp":1627984978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical study on the diagnosis of porcine streptococcal meningitis with negative blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture by next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Eryi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daimei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixiong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shijun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70001-4","volume":"7","author":"ZR Lun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lun ZR, Wang QP, Chen XG, Li AX, Zhu XQ. Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2007;7:201\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/85651","volume":"25","author":"J Dutkiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dutkiewicz J, Zaj\u0105c V, Sroka J, Wasi\u0144ski B, Cisak E, Sawczyn A, et al. Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II\u2014Pathogenesis. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018;25:186\u2013203.","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0456","volume":"96","author":"D Takeuchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takeuchi D, Kerdsin A, Akeda Y, Chiranairadul P, Loetthong P, Tanburawong N, Areeratana P, et al. Impact of a food safety campaign on Streptococcus suis infection in humans in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;96:1370\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.12.014","volume":"76","author":"JR Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown JR, Bharucha T, Breuer J. Encephalitis diagnosis using metagenomics: application of next generation sequencing for undiagnosed cases. J Infect. 2018;76:225\u201340.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2399","volume":"19","author":"M Hlebowicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hlebowicz M, Jakubowski P, Smiatacz T. Streptococcus suis meningitis: epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2019;19:557\u201362.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"554_CR6","first-page":"887","volume":"5","author":"YY Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun YY, Liu HT, Du R, Li SG, Qu GG, Zhu RN, et al. Characteristic comparison of meningitis and non-meningitis of Streptococcus suis in an experimentally infected porcine model. Inflammation. 2018;5:887.","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"554_CR7","first-page":"764","volume":"46","author":"XX Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang XX, Jiang N, Wu JY, Tang RZ, Wang SJ, Wang T, Luo WG, Su L, Yang Y, Yang WZ. Clinical analysis of 75 cases of human infection with Streptococcus suis. Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine. 2007;46:764\u20135.","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.07.001","volume":"71","author":"VD Beek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beek VD, Diederik S, Lodewijk DG. Streptococcus suis meningitis in the Netherlands. J Infect. 2015;71:602\u20134.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751","volume":"14","author":"W Gu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gu W, Miller S, Chiu CY. Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen detection. Annu Rev Pathol. 2019;14:319\u201338.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005973","volume":"4","author":"H Wertheim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wertheim H, Nguyen HN, Taylor W, Lien TT, Ngo HT, Nguyen TQ, et al. Streptococcus suis, an important cause of adult bacterial meningitis in Northern Vietnam. PLoS ONE. 2009;4:e5973.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00250-9","volume":"76","author":"M Gottschalk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gottschalk M, Segura M. The pathogenesis of the meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis: the unresolved questions. Vet Microbiol. 2000;76:259\u201372.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2512.181709","volume":"25","author":"NM Susilawathi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Susilawathi NM, Adi Tarini NM, Dwi Fatmawati NN, Mayura PI, Ayu Suryapraba AA, Subrata M, et al. Streptococcus suis\u2014associated meningitis, Bali, Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25:2235\u201342.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"554_CR13","first-page":"681","volume":"50","author":"LX Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu LX, Li HF, Chen Y, Zhang AM. A case of septic shock secondary to Streptococcus suis infection with suspected viral meningitis. Chin J Neurol. 2017;50:681\u20133.","journal-title":"Chin J Neurol"},{"key":"554_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix881","volume":"66","author":"PJ Simner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simner PJ, Miller S, Carroll KC. Understanding the promises and hurdles of metagenomic next-generation sequencing as a diagnostic tool for infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66:778\u201388.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00379","volume":"7","author":"YY Dai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dai YY, Chen L, Chang WJ, Lu HW, Cui P, Ma XL, et al. Culture-negative Streptococcus suis infection diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Front Public Health. 2019;7:379.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"554_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7861","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms12117861","volume":"12","author":"L Barzon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barzon L, Lavezzo E, Militello V, Toppo S, Pal\u00f9 G. Applications of next-generation sequencing technologies to diagnostic virology. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12:7861\u201384.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"554_CR17","first-page":"987","volume":"11","author":"J Besser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Besser J, Carleton HA, Gerner-Smidt P, Lindsey RL, Trees E. Next-generation sequencing technologies and their application to the study and control of bacterial infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2017;11:987.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"554_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12056","volume":"19","author":"MR Capobianchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Capobianchi MR, Giombini E, Rozera G. Next-generation sequencing technology in clinical virology. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:15\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"554_CR19","first-page":"447","volume":"15","author":"S Geng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Geng S, Mei Q, Zhu C, Fang XW, Yang TJ, Zhang L, et al. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology for detection of pathogens in blood of critically ill patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;15:447.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"554_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.12.001","volume":"78","author":"LY Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo LY, Li YJ, Liu LL, Wu HL, Zhou JL, Zhang Y, et al. Detection of pediatric bacterial meningitis pathogens from cerebrospinal fluid by next-generation sequencing technology. J Infect. 2019;78:323\u201337.","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T10:16:41Z","timestamp":1627985801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-021-00554-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of our hospital. All the participants had signed the informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All the authors had no any personal, financial, commercial, or academic conflicts of interest separately.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"85"}}