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Thus, this study\u2019s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from a case\u2013control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009 0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. constituted significant risk for EC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009 0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with\n                      <jats:italic>C. rectus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>C. concisus<\/jats:italic>\n                      that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj \u2009=\u2009 4.7; 95% CI 2.41\u20139.98;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009 0.003).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection. This study found\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and\n                      <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-021-00561-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T16:02:48Z","timestamp":1627747368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case\u2013control study in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Arisara","family":"Poosari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thitima","family":"Nutravong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakasit","family":"Sa-ngiamwibool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wises","family":"Namwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Supaporn","family":"Chatrchaiwiwatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piti","family":"Ungareewittaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31937","volume":"144","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Colombet M, Soerjomataram I, Mathers C, Parkin DM, Pi\u00f1eros M, et al. 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