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However, the interplay between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection and HIV disease progression is not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> co-infection on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count and HIV viral load dynamics in HIV-positive individuals in a high co-endemic setting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 HIV-positive and 175 HIV-negative individuals, both with and without <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Among HIV-positive participants, 195 were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 93 were ART-na\u00efve. CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count and HIV-1 viral load were measured and compared between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected and -uninfected individuals, taking into account different HIV and ART status.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study demonstrated that individuals infected with <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> had a significantly higher CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count compared to uninfected controls among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive participants, regardless of ART therapy. Conversely, HIV\/<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> co-infected participants had lower HIV-1 viral load than those without <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection. Linear regression analysis further confirmed a positive association between <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection, along with other clinical factors such as BMI, ART, and duration of therapy, with CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count while indicating an inverse relationship with HIV-1 viral load in HIV-positive patients. Additionally, factors such as khat chewing, age and WHO clinical stage of HIV were associated with reduced CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count and increased HIV-1 viral load.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our study demonstrates that <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> co-infection was associated with higher CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell count and lower HIV-1 viral load in HIV-positive patients, regardless of ART status. These findings show a positive effect of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> co-infection on the dynamics of HIV-related immunological and virological parameters. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01750-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T14:01:38Z","timestamp":1710684098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CD4+ T cell count and HIV-1 viral load dynamics positively impacted by H. pylori infection in HIV-positive patients regardless of ART status in a high-burden setting"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Tesfay","family":"Abadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takele","family":"Teklu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadelo","family":"Wondmagegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meseret","family":"Alem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girmay","family":"Desalegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1750_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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The approval was also obtained from the Tigray Regional Health Bureau and Mekelle City Health facility administrators. The purpose of the study, type and amount of specimen needed was explained to the participants, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants recruited in this study in the local language. Confidentiality information regarding their results was kept between the study participant, data collector\/investigator, and authorized physician. The data were analyzed anonymously.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"178"}}