{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:21:15Z","timestamp":1793906475085,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81774126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81774126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the postgraduate scientific research innovation project of Hunan Province of China","award":["CX2015B325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX2015B325"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2016JJ2095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016JJ2095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2017JJ3232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017JJ3232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Construction project of specialty of traditional Chinese medicine in Guangdong Province, Construction project of specialty of traditional Chinese medicine in Shenzhen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus. Maxing Shigan Decoction (MXSGD) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine prescription for the prevention and treatment of influenza. However, its mechanism remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The mice model of influenza A virus pneumonia was established by nasal inoculation. After 3\u00a0days of intervention, the lung index was calculated, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were detected by HE staining. Firstly, transcriptomics technology was used to analyze the differential genes and important pathways in mouse lung tissue regulated by MXSGD. Then, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to verify the changes in mRNA expression in lung tissues. Finally, intestinal microbiome and intestinal metabolomics were performed to explore the effect of MXSGD on gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The lung inflammatory cell infiltration in the MXSGD group was significantly reduced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The results of bioinformatics analysis for transcriptomics results show that these genes are mainly involved in inflammatory factors and inflammation-related signal pathways mediated inflammation biological modules, etc. Intestinal microbiome showed that the intestinal flora <jats:italic>Actinobacteriota<\/jats:italic> level and <jats:italic>Desulfobacterota<\/jats:italic> level increased in MXSGD group, while <jats:italic>Planctomycetota<\/jats:italic> in MXSGD group decreased. Metabolites were mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, etc. This suggests that MXSGD has a microbial\u2013gut\u2013lung axis regulation effect on mice with influenza A virus pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MXSGD may play an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory role by regulating intestinal microbiome and intestinal metabolic small molecules, and ultimately play a role in the treatment of influenza A virus pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T06:02:35Z","timestamp":1713160955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Exploring the immune-inflammatory mechanism of Maxing Shigan Decoction in treating influenza virus A-induced pneumonia based on an integrated strategy of single-cell transcriptomics and systems biology"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shiying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuting","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junyao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangguo","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.87","volume":"14","author":"AJ TeVelthuis","year":"2016","unstructured":"TeVelthuis AJ, Fodor E. Influenza virus RNA polymerase: insights into the mechanisms of viral RNA synthesis. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016;14(8):479\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.87.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"1777_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_272","volume":"370","author":"S Pleschka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pleschka S. Overview of influenza viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;370:1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/82_2012_272.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"1777_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00182","volume":"9","author":"HT Groves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Groves HT, Cuthbertson L, James P, Moffatt MF, Cox MJ, Tregoning JS. Respiratory disease following viral lung infection alters the murine gut microbiota. Front Immunol. 2018;9:182.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1777_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.03236-19","volume":"11","author":"HT Groves","year":"2020","unstructured":"Groves HT, Higham SL, Moffatt MF, Cox MJ, Tregoning JS. Respiratory viral infection alters the gut microbiota by inducing inappetence. MBio. 2020;11(1): e0323619.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"1777_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0324-z","volume":"25","author":"T Feehley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feehley T, Plunkett CH, Bao R, Choi Hong SM, Culleen E, Belda-Ferre P, Campbell E, Aitoro R, Nocerino R, Paparo L, Andrade J, Antonopoulos DA, Berni Canani R, Nagler CR. Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):448\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0324-z.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"51","key":"1777_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1809349115","volume":"115","author":"AL Gould","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gould AL, Zhang V, Lamberti L, Jones EW, Obadia B, Korasidis N, Gavryushkin A, Carlson JM, Beerenwinkel N, Ludington WB. Microbiome interactions shape host fitness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2018;115(51):E11951\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1809349115.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"12","key":"1777_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20140625","volume":"211","author":"J Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang J, Li F, Wei H. Respiratory influenza virus infection induces intestinal immune injury via microbiota-mediated Th17 cell-dependent inflammation. J Exp Med. 2014;211(12):2397\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1777_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050270","volume":"10","author":"H Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li H, Liu X, Chen F, Zuo K, Wu C, Yan Y, Chen W, Lin W, Xie Q. Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 affects intestinal microbiota, barrier structure injury, and inflammatory intestinal disease in the chicken ileum. Viruses. 2018;10(5):270.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L655","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00134.2019","volume":"318","author":"LP Tavares","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tavares LP, Garcia CC, Gon\u00e7alves APF, Kraemer LR, Melo EM, Oliveira FMS, Freitas CS, Lopes GAO, Reis DC, Cassali GD, Machado AM, Mantovani A, Locati M, Teixeira MM, Russo RC. ACKR2 contributes to pulmonary dysfunction by shaping CCL5:CCR5-dependent recruitment of lymphocytes during influenza A infection in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;318(4):L655\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1777_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.013","volume":"154","author":"M Brandes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brandes M, Klauschen F, Kuchen S, Germain RN. A systems analysis identifies a feedforward inflammatory circuit leading to lethal influenza infection. Cell. 2013;154(1):197\u2013212.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"1777_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170316123736","volume":"23","author":"T Betakova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Betakova T, Kostrabova A, Lachova V, Turianova L. Cytokines induced during influenza virus infection. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(18):2616\u201322.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1777_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00004","volume":"28","author":"RM Martin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martin RM, Bachman MA. Colonization, infection, and the accessory genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;28:4.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"1777_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/s0254-6272(15)30057-1","volume":"34","author":"C Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang C, Wang H, Liu X, Xu D, Tang Y, Luo P. Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Tradit Chin Med. 2014;34:527\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0254-6272(15)30057-1.","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"1777_CR14","first-page":"1123","volume":"14","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang S, Dong R, Li K, Ye H, Ge D, Wu Y. High-throughput sequencing research on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions on the intestinal flora of normal mice. World Tradit Chin Med. 2019;14(05):1123\u201332.","journal-title":"World Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"07","key":"1777_CR15","first-page":"54","volume":"27","author":"J Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong J, Zhang J, Li K, Ye H, Zhang S, Ge D, Wu Y. High-throughput sequencing study on the effects of TCM compounds on intestinal flora of mice infected with influenza. Chin J Inf Tradit Chin Med. 2020;27(07):54\u201364.","journal-title":"Chin J Inf Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"03","key":"1777_CR16","first-page":"671","volume":"23","author":"Y Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang Y, Wu Y, Chen F, Meng Y, Wang W, Tang Q. Effect of Maxing Shigan Decoction on intestinal flora of mice with pathogenic heat obstructing lung syndrome. World Sci Technol-Mod Tradit Chin Med. 2021;23(03):671\u20137.","journal-title":"World Sci Technol-Mod Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1777_CR17","first-page":"1119","volume":"36","author":"Z Ge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ge Z, Tong J, Na J. Effect of different decoction methods of Ma Heng Shi Gan Tang and its drug-containing serum on neuraminidase activity of influenza A virus. Chin J Integr Med. 2016;36(9):1119\u201323 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1777_CR18","first-page":"25","volume":"38","author":"L Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li L, Lu FG, Wu SR. Study on the immunoprotective effect of Ma Heng Shi Gan Tang on mice infected with influenza A virus. J Tradit Chin Med. 2010;38(2):25\u20138 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1777_CR19","first-page":"1591","volume":"48","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Wei K, Lu F, Cai L, Zhang B, Zhang S, Gao Q, Dai B. Effect of Maxing Shigan Decoction against type A influenza virus infection in mice induced by viral lung injury based on TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6 signal pathways. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs. 2017;48(8):1591\u20136.","journal-title":"Chin Tradit Herb Drugs"},{"issue":"08","key":"1777_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2017.08.017","volume":"48","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li L, Wei K, Lu F, Cai L, Zhang B, Zhang S, Gao Q, Dai B. The study of Maxing Shigan decoction against viral lung injury induced by influenza A virus in mice based on TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6 signaling pathway. Chin Herb Med. 2017;48(08):1591\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7501\/j.issn.0253-2670.2017.08.017.","journal-title":"Chin Herb Med"},{"issue":"01","key":"1777_CR21","first-page":"309","volume":"32","author":"Li Ling","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ling Li, Dai Bing Lu, Fangguo GX, Bo Z, Qiang G, Junlin D, Ke W, Zizeng X, Yingchun He. Study on the effect of different proportions of Maxing Shigan decoction on mice infected with influenza virus. Zhonghuazhong J Med. 2017;32(01):309\u201313.","journal-title":"Zhonghuazhong J Med"},{"issue":"08","key":"1777_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1000-484X.2018.08.009","volume":"34","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li L, Wu J, Ouyang J, Hu J, Liao C, Yuan P, Wei K, Lu F. Screening and mechanism of effective traditional Chinese medicine compounds against influenza virus pneumonia. Chin J Immunol. 2018;34(08):1168\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1000-484X.2018.08.009.","journal-title":"Chin J Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1777_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.13862\/j.cnki.cn43-1446\/r.2021.10.002","volume":"27","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, He G, Zhao C, Chen C, Xiao R, Hu J, Wei K, Li L, Ning Y, Lu F. To explore the immune mechanism of Maxing Shigan Decoction against influenza virus from the expression levels of inflammatory factors mediated by TLR2\/TLR4. Herald Tradit Chin Med. 2021;27(10):5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13862\/j.cnki.cn43-1446\/r.2021.10.002.","journal-title":"Herald Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"1777_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1777_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, Chang M, Khodabakhshi AH, Tanaseichuk O, Benner C, Chanda SK. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1523.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1777_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1180","volume":"34","author":"VK Mootha","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mootha VK, Lindgren CM, Eriksson KF, Subramanian A, Sihag S, Lehar J, Puigserver P, Carlsson E, Ridderstr\u00e5le M, Laurila E, Houstis N, Daly MJ, Patterson N, Mesirov JP, Golub TR, Tamayo P, Spiegelman B, Lander ES, Hirschhorn JN, Altshuler D, Groop LC. PGC-1alpha-responsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat Genet. 2003;34(3):267\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"13","key":"1777_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","volume":"184","author":"Y Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Y, Hao S, Andersen-Nissen E, Mauck WM 3rd, Zheng S, Butler A, Lee MJ, Wilk AJ, Darby C, Zager M, Hoffman P, Stoeckius M, Papalexi E, Mimitou EP, Jain J, Srivastava A, Stuart T, Fleming LM, Yeung B, Rogers AJ, McElrath JM, Blish CA, Gottardo R, Smibert P, Satija R. Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data. Cell. 2021;184(13):3573-3587.e29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1777_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso JG, Kuczynski J, Stombaugh J, Bittinger K, Bushman FD, Costello EK, Fierer N, Pena AG, Goodrich JK, Gordon JI, et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat Methods. 2010;7:335\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.f.303.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3231","volume":"12","author":"JA McCullers","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCullers JA. The co-pathogenesis of influenza viruses with bacteria in the lung. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2014;12(4):252\u201362.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1777_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12521","volume":"49","author":"MGE Rommel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rommel MGE, Milde C, Eberle R, Schulze H, Modlich U. Endothelial-platelet interactions in influenza-induced pneumonia: a potential therapeutic target. Anat Histol Embryol. 2020;49(5):606\u201319.","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1777_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.3390\/v7102875","volume":"7","author":"A Boianelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boianelli A, Nguyen VK, Ebensen T, Schulze K, Wilk E, Sharma N, Stegemann-Koniszewski S, Bruder D, Toapanta FR, Guzm\u00e1n CA, Meyer-Hermann M, Hernandez-Vargas EA. Modeling influenza virus infection: a roadmap for influenza research. Viruses. 2015;7(10):5274\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v7102875.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"1777_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4RU0820-232R","volume":"110","author":"M Klomp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klomp M, Ghosh S, Mohammed S, Nadeem KM. From virus to inflammation, how influenza promotes lung damage. J Leukoc Biol. 2021;110(1):115\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.4RU0820-232R.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.1","volume":"13","author":"Y Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang Y, Tang H. Aberrant coagulation causes a hyper-inflammatory response in severe influenza pneumonia. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13(4):432\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cmi.2016.1.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"1777_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8028725","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8028725","volume":"2019","author":"PP Lamichhane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamichhane PP, Samarasinghe AE. The role of innate leukocytes during influenza virus infection. J Immunol Res. 2019;2019:8028725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8028725.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1777_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0231-y","volume":"19","author":"SP Jochems","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jochems SP, Marcon F, Carniel BF, Holloway M, Mitsi E, Smith E, Gritzfeld JF, Sol\u00f3rzano C, Rein\u00e9 J, Pojar S, Nikolaou E, German EL, Hyder-Wright A, Hill H, Hales C, de SteenhuijsenPiters WAA, Bogaert D, Adler H, Zaidi S, Connor V, Gordon SB, Rylance J, Nakaya HI, Ferreira DM. Inflammation induced by influenza virus impairs human innate immune control of pneumococcus. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(12):1299\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-018-0231-y.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"1777_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00108","volume":"9","author":"JM Rudd","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rudd JM, Pulavendran S, Ashar HK, Ritchey JW, Snider TA, Malayer JR, Marie M, Chow VTK, Narasaraju T. Neutrophils induce a novel chemokine receptors repertoire during influenza pneumonia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00108.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1777_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3MA0320-358RR","volume":"108","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu H, You L, Wu J, Zhao M, Guo R, Zhang H, Su R, Mao Q, Deng D, Hao Y. Berberine suppresses influenza virus-triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by inducing mitophagy and decreasing mitochondrial ROS. J Leukoc Biol. 2020;108(1):253\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JLB.3MA0320-358RR.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1693497","volume":"40","author":"B Cantan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cantan B, Luyt CE, Martin-Loeches I. Influenza infections and emergent viral infections in intensive care unit. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;40(4):488\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1693497.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1777_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-014-2020-2","volume":"21","author":"HY Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu HY, Huang H, Shi XL, Zhou W, Zhou P, Yan QL, Zhu HG, Ju DW. Qiangzhi decoction protects mice from influenza A pneumonia through inhibition of inflammatory cytokine storm. Chin J Integr Med. 2015;21(5):376\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11655-014-2020-2.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584801","volume":"37","author":"C Peteranderl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peteranderl C, Herold S, Schmoldt C. Human influenza virus infections. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;37(4):487\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1584801.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1777_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-020-00148-1","volume":"40","author":"M Miyazawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyazawa M. Immunopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia: lessons from influenza virus infection. Inflamm Regen. 2020;40:39.","journal-title":"Inflamm Regen"},{"issue":"12","key":"1777_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12966","volume":"20","author":"A Dumas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dumas A, Bernard L, Poquet Y, Lugo-Villarino G, Neyrolles O. The role of the lung microbiota and the gut\u2013lung axis in respiratory infectious diseases. Cell Microbiol. 2018;20(12): e12966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cmi.12966. (Epub 2018 Oct 30).","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"1777_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741233","volume":"12","author":"W Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wu Y, Liu H, Jiang C, Huo L. Gut\u2013lung axis: microbial crosstalk in pediatric respiratory tract infections. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 741233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.741233.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1777_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0451-9","volume":"20","author":"TP Wypych","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wypych TP, Wickramasinghe LC, Marsland BJ. The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health. Nat Immunol. 2019;20(10):1279\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-019-0451-9. (Epub 2019 Sep 9).","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"1777_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635471","volume":"12","author":"GLV de Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Oliveira GLV, Oliveira CNS, Pinzan CF, de Salis LVV, Cardoso CRB. Microbiota modulation of the gut\u2013lung axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 635471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.635471.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1777_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0437-z","volume":"25","author":"RM Dedrick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dedrick RM, Guerrero-Bustamante CA, Garlena RA, Russell DA, Ford K, Harris K, Gilmour KC, Soothill J, Jacobs-Sera D, Schooley RT, Hatfull GF, Spencer H. Engineered bacteriophages for treatment of a patient with a disseminated drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus. Nat Med. 2019;25(5):730\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0437-z. (Epub 2019 May 8).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0417-402","volume":"23","author":"S Chakradhar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chakradhar S. A curious connection: teasing apart the link between gut microbes and lung disease. Nat Med. 2017;23(4):402\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm0417-402.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1777_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908010","volume":"13","author":"T Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du T, Lei A, Zhang N, Zhu C. The beneficial role of probiotic Lactobacillus in respiratory diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 908010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908010.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1777_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30510-1","volume":"7","author":"KF Budden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Budden KF, Shukla SD, Rehman SF, Bowerman KL, Keely S, Hugenholtz P, Armstrong-James DPH, Adcock IM, Chotirmall SH, Chung KF, Hansbro PM. Functional effects of the microbiota in chronic respiratory disease. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(10):907\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30510-1. (Epub 2019 Apr 8).","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1777_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.877533","volume":"13","author":"F Melo-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melo-Gonz\u00e1lez F, Sep\u00falveda-Alfaro J, Schultz BM, Suazo ID, Boone DL, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. Distal consequences of mucosal infections in intestinal and lung inflammation. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 877533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.877533.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1777_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0160-6","volume":"12","author":"AT Dang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dang AT, Marsland BJ. Microbes, metabolites, and the gut\u2013lung axis. Mucosal Immunol. 2019;12(4):843\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41385-019-0160-6. (Epub 2019 Apr 11).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1777_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.14","volume":"15","author":"WH Man","year":"2017","unstructured":"Man WH, de Steenhuijsen Piters WA, Bogaert D. The microbiota of the respiratory tract: gatekeeper to respiratory health. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017;15(5):259\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.14. (Epub 2017 Mar 20).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1777_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23126791","volume":"23","author":"S Stricker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stricker S, Hain T, Chao CM, Rudloff S. Respiratory and intestinal microbiota in pediatric lung diseases-current evidence of the gut\u2013lung axis. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(12):6791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23126791.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T06:09:00Z","timestamp":1713161340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/eurjmedres.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40001-024-01777-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-783X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-783X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The treatment of mice during the experiment has been approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medical Innovation Experimental Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"We declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"234"}}